Exchange bias effect and inhomogeneous magnetism in 6H Ba3CoFeRuO9: Role of structural site disorder

• Published in: Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 2023-02, Vol.568, p.170372, Article 170372
• Main Authors: Kurian, Mahima M., Das, Ranjana R., Devan, Chinnu V., Varma, Manoj Raama, Colin, Claire V., Santhosh, P.N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Exchange bias; Mixed valent perovskites; Neutron powder diffraction; Physics; Spin glass; Training effect; Triple perovskites
• ISSN: 0304-8853; 1873-4766
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170372

•Structural, magnetic and transport properties of triple perovskite Ba3CoFeRuO9 compound is investigated.•Random site occupation of Co, Fe and Ru along with the specific 6H structure result in competing AFM and FM interactions.•Short-range ordering are established through neutron diffraction, magnetisation and specific heat measurements.•Enhanced site disorder on Co doping, coupled with mixed valency of B-site ions leads to exchange bias in our system.•Electrical conduction above 150 K is by tunnelling of carriers among isolated network of face sharing octahedra in a dielectric kind of medium. Structural, magnetic, electrical and thermal investigations on ternary barium ruthenate Ba3CoFeRuO9 (BCFRO) reveal the role of the two different octahedral B-site in creating locally varying competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. BCFRO forms in 6H hexagonal structure in the P63/mmc space group. Neutron diffraction and specific heat capacity measurements affirmed the absence of any long-range ordering and structural transition in the compound. DC thermomagnetic studies evidences spin glass magnetism with Tg ∼ 50 K. A large exchange bias (EB) field of 3.48 kOe is obtained at 3 K under a cooling field of 50 kOe. Careful analysis indicates, EB in our system stems from inhomogeneous magnetism owing to spatially varying chemical composition. Competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases giving rise to spin glass behaviour is the manifestation of site disorder induced by mixed valences of magnetic ions. The exchange bias training effect in our system follows spin relaxation model of rotatable and frozen spins which are exchange coupled at the interface. Strong electron localisation occurs by virtue of the specific 6H structure with corner shared octahedral 2a site and face shared octahedral 4f site. The electrical and thermal transport in BCFRO follows Efros-Shklovskii variable range hopping (ES VRH) model below 150 K. The high resistivity of BCFRO at low temperatures is also reflected in the low thermal conductivity and huge Seebeck coefficient.