LIDAR altimeter conception for HERA spacecraft

• Published in: Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 2021-08, Vol.93 (6), p.1018-1028
• Main Authors: Dias, Nicole Gomes, Nadal Arribas, Beltran, Gordo, Paulo, Sousa, Tiago, Marinho, João, Melicio, Rui, Amorim, António, Michel, Patrick
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Altimeters; Aperture; Asteroid collisions; Asteroid deflection; Asteroids; Astrophysics; Collision dynamics; Cubesat; Doppler tracking; Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Energy; Engineering Sciences; Gravimetry; Ground stations; Integrated circuits; Iterative methods; Lasers; Lidar; Low noise; Measurement techniques; Mercury; Moon; Navigation; Operating temperature; Optics; Photonic; Power; Radar tracking; Radiation; Random vibration; Receivers & amplifiers; Satellite tracking; Sciences of the Universe; Seismographs; Semiconductors; Sensors; Simulation; Space missions; Spacecraft; Static loads; Telescopes; Topography
• ISSN: 1748-8842; 0002-2667; 1758-4213; 1748-8842
• DOI: 10.1108/AEAT-12-2020-0300

Purpose This paper aims to report the first iteration on the Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Engineering Model altimeter named HELENA. HELENA is a Time of Flight (TOF) altimeter that provides time-tagged distances and velocity measurements. The LIDAR can be used for support near asteroid navigation and provides scientific information. The HELENA design comprises two types of technologies: a microchip laser and low noise sensor. The synergies between these two technologies enable developing a compact instrument for range measurements of up to 14 km. Thermal-mechanical and radiometric simulations of the HELENA telescope are reported in this paper. The design is subjected to vibrational, static and thermal conditions, and it was possible to conclude by the results that the telescope is compliant with the random vibration levels, the static load and the operating temperatures. Design/methodology/approach The Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) is a collaboration between the NASA DART mission and ESA Hera mission. The aim scope is to study the asteroid deflection through a kinetic collision. DART spacecraft will collide with Didymos-B, while ground stations monitor the orbit change. HERA spacecraft will study the post-impact scenario. The HERA spacecraft is composed by a main spacecraft and two small CubeSats. HERA will monitor the asteroid through cameras, radar, satellite-to-satellite doppler tracking, LIDAR, seismometry and gravimetry. Findings The HELENA design comprises two types of technologies: a microchip laser and low noise sensor. The synergies between these two technologies enable developing a compact instrument for range measurements of up to 14 km. Originality/value In this paper is reported the first iteration on the LIDAR Engineering Model altimeter named HELENA. HELENA is a TOF altimeter that provides time-tagged distances and velocity measurements. The LIDAR can be used for support near asteroid navigation and provides scientific information. The HELENA design comprises two types of technologies: a microchip laser and low noise sensor. The synergies between these two technologies enable developing a compact instrument for range measurements of up to 14 km.