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Orderly Motor Unit Activation Using Sinusoidal Low Frequency Alternating Current Stimulation

Traditionally, electrical stimulation uses short duration (

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Main Authors:	Alhawwash, Awadh, Horn, M. Ryne, Lazorchak, Nathaniel, Yoshida, Ken
Format:	Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Subjects:	AC motors electrical stimulation Force Force measurement motor unit recruitment order Muscles Nerve fibers Neural engineering neurorehabilitation Pulse measurements sinusoidal stimulation
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creator	Alhawwash, Awadh Horn, M. Ryne Lazorchak, Nathaniel Yoshida, Ken
description	Traditionally, electrical stimulation uses short duration (
doi_str_mv	10.1109/NER52421.2023.10123723
format	conference_proceeding
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Ryne ; Lazorchak, Nathaniel ; Yoshida, Ken</creator><creatorcontrib>Alhawwash, Awadh ; Horn, M. Ryne ; Lazorchak, Nathaniel ; Yoshida, Ken</creatorcontrib><description>Traditionally, electrical stimulation uses short duration (<1ms) charge balanced rectangular impulses to initiate action potentials. Although pulse stimulation provides an efficient means to activate nerve fibers, the fibers are activated synchronously to the depolarizing edge of the pulse and favors large caliber fibers resulting in an inverse order of recruitment. This study describes the use of low frequency alternating current (LFAC) stimulation using a pure tone continuous sinusoidal waveform to evoke motor nerve activation. In-silico and in-vivo experiments were conducted where LFAC was applied to the rat sciatic nerve via bipolar cuff electrode. The in-vivo model responses were quantified by measuring the electromyogram (EMG) responses of the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and the combined twitch force. These measures were made in comparison to standard rectangular pulse stimulation. These preliminary results indicate that the response to LFAC were en masse phase locked to the sinusoidal cycle, but of two different modes: 1) Burst mode, and 2) Unitary mode. These results are in agreement with the in-silico predictions. The LFAC activation threshold of the soleus muscle was lower than the lateral gastrocnemius's, suggesting a normal (small-large caliber) physiological order of recruitment. 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In-silico and in-vivo experiments were conducted where LFAC was applied to the rat sciatic nerve via bipolar cuff electrode. The in-vivo model responses were quantified by measuring the electromyogram (EMG) responses of the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and the combined twitch force. These measures were made in comparison to standard rectangular pulse stimulation. These preliminary results indicate that the response to LFAC were en masse phase locked to the sinusoidal cycle, but of two different modes: 1) Burst mode, and 2) Unitary mode. These results are in agreement with the in-silico predictions. The LFAC activation threshold of the soleus muscle was lower than the lateral gastrocnemius's, suggesting a normal (small-large caliber) physiological order of recruitment. In contrast, the rectangular pulse stimulation produced an inverted order of recruitment.</description><subject>AC motors</subject><subject>electrical stimulation</subject><subject>Force</subject><subject>Force measurement</subject><subject>motor unit recruitment order</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Nerve fibers</subject><subject>Neural engineering</subject><subject>neurorehabilitation</subject><subject>Pulse measurements</subject><subject>sinusoidal stimulation</subject><issn>1948-3554</issn><isbn>9781665462921</isbn><isbn>1665462922</isbn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>conference_proceeding</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>conference_proceeding</recordtype><sourceid>6IE</sourceid><recordid>eNo1kM1KAzEUhaMgWGrfQCQvMDU3N2kmy1JaLYwWrN0JJdPcSmSa0UxG6dtb_FmdzXc-DoexGxBjAGFvH-dPWioJYykkjkGARCPxjI2sKWEy0WoirYRzNgCrygK1Vpds1HVvQgiUQoEtB-xllTyl5sgf2twmvokh8-kuh0-XQxv5pgvxla9D7Ls2eNfwqv3ii0QfPcXdkU-bTCme0BM061OimPk6h0Pf_NSv2MXeNR2N_nLINov58-y-qFZ3y9m0KsJpRi4kOFNKIouixj3ZPRhEBwq9Vh6hVNobb8zOu1rbkqi2tRFgnLfWoUaPQ3b96w1EtH1P4eDScft_CH4DW-5WHQ</recordid><startdate>20230424</startdate><enddate>20230424</enddate><creator>Alhawwash, Awadh</creator><creator>Horn, M. Ryne</creator><creator>Lazorchak, Nathaniel</creator><creator>Yoshida, Ken</creator><general>IEEE</general><scope>6IE</scope><scope>6IL</scope><scope>CBEJK</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>RIL</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230424</creationdate><title>Orderly Motor Unit Activation Using Sinusoidal Low Frequency Alternating Current Stimulation</title><author>Alhawwash, Awadh ; Horn, M. 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Ryne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lazorchak, Nathaniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshida, Ken</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings</collection><collection>IEEE Proceedings Order Plan All Online (POP All Online) 1998-present by volume</collection><collection>IEEE Xplore All Conference Proceedings</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>IEEE Proceedings Order Plans (POP All) 1998-Present</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alhawwash, Awadh</au><au>Horn, M. Ryne</au><au>Lazorchak, Nathaniel</au><au>Yoshida, Ken</au><format>book</format><genre>proceeding</genre><ristype>CONF</ristype><atitle>Orderly Motor Unit Activation Using Sinusoidal Low Frequency Alternating Current Stimulation</atitle><btitle>2023 11th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)</btitle><stitle>NER</stitle><date>2023-04-24</date><risdate>2023</risdate><spage>1</spage><epage>4</epage><pages>1-4</pages><eissn>1948-3554</eissn><eisbn>9781665462921</eisbn><eisbn>1665462922</eisbn><abstract>Traditionally, electrical stimulation uses short duration (<1ms) charge balanced rectangular impulses to initiate action potentials. Although pulse stimulation provides an efficient means to activate nerve fibers, the fibers are activated synchronously to the depolarizing edge of the pulse and favors large caliber fibers resulting in an inverse order of recruitment. This study describes the use of low frequency alternating current (LFAC) stimulation using a pure tone continuous sinusoidal waveform to evoke motor nerve activation. In-silico and in-vivo experiments were conducted where LFAC was applied to the rat sciatic nerve via bipolar cuff electrode. The in-vivo model responses were quantified by measuring the electromyogram (EMG) responses of the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and the combined twitch force. These measures were made in comparison to standard rectangular pulse stimulation. These preliminary results indicate that the response to LFAC were en masse phase locked to the sinusoidal cycle, but of two different modes: 1) Burst mode, and 2) Unitary mode. These results are in agreement with the in-silico predictions. The LFAC activation threshold of the soleus muscle was lower than the lateral gastrocnemius's, suggesting a normal (small-large caliber) physiological order of recruitment. 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source	IEEE Xplore All Conference Series
subjects	AC motors electrical stimulation Force Force measurement motor unit recruitment order Muscles Nerve fibers Neural engineering neurorehabilitation Pulse measurements sinusoidal stimulation
title	Orderly Motor Unit Activation Using Sinusoidal Low Frequency Alternating Current Stimulation
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