Impulse Response Modeling and Dynamic Analysis for SIMO UOWC Systems Enhanced by RIS-Equipped UUVs

• Published in: IEEE transactions on vehicular technology 2024-02, Vol.73 (2), p.1540-1553
• Main Authors: Wei, Zhanhang, Wei, Zixian, Fang, Junbin, Pan, Junxin, Wang, Luyao, Dong, Yuhan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive optics; Autonomous underwater vehicles; Bandwidth; Bandwidths; Beam steering; Bit error rate; channel modeling; Dispersion; dynamic analysis; Error analysis; Gamma function; Impulse response; Marine environment; Mathematical models; MCRT simulation; Optical reflection; Optical scattering; Optical transmitters; Parameters; Photonics; Radio frequency; Radio signals; Ray tracing; RIS-equipped UUV; Specular reflection; Underwater communication; Underwater construction; UOWC; Vertical orientation; Wireless communication; Wireless communications
• ISSN: 0018-9545; 1939-9359
• DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2023.3321661

The marine environment has a large share of more than 70% of the earth, and there is a growing human need for marine information system construction. The existing underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) has the advantage of high rate and low loss in close range, compared to acoustic and radio frequency (RF) signals with limited bandwidth or huge attenuation. Based on the UOWC framework, this work further introduces and investigates the deployment and dynamic effects of the reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS) equipped unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) over a vertical single-input multiple-output (SIMO) UOWC system. The proposed RIS-assisted vertical UOWC system is modeled and verified to solve the problems of beam steering, link obstruction, signal enhancement, and pointing errors. We established, for the first time, the impulse response models by Monte-Carlo ray tracing (MCRT) to study the RIS-assisted vertical underwater channel characteristics, which are further compared under specular reflection and beam steering scenarios. Then, the dynamic analyses of the structural parameters of the RIS-equipped UUV and UOWC system model, including vertical transmission distance, transmitter tilt angle, and RIS position on the link impulse response are analyzed. The MCRT simulation results are fitted with a gamma-gamma function that introduces a temporal splitting parameter to obtain a closed-form expression for the impulse response of the linear/reflective composite link of the RIS-assisted UOWC system. The response temporal dispersion, 3-dB bandwidth, and bit error rate (BER) performances are analyzed. The results show that the composite link of the RIS-assisted UOWC system can improve the 3-dB bandwidth by more than 0.5 times compared with the single linear propagation link, reduce the response temporal dispersion and improve the system BER performance. The proposed impulse response models of the dynamic RIS-assisted UOWC system provide a new perspective for the deployment and application of the future UOWC architecture in a vertical orientation.