On Quantum Rainbows: Density Operator in the Frequency-Bin Representation for Entangled Twin-Photons Generated With Sub-Threshold Microcombs

Kerr optical frequency combs are generated by pumping a high-Q integrated microresonator with a resonant laser. Below threshold, the pump laser field mediates the phenomenon of spontaneous four-wave mixing, where two pump photons are symmetrically up- and down-converted as twin photons that can be e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics 2024-09, Vol.30 (5: Microresonator Frequency Comb Technologies), p.1-8
Main Authors: Liu, Fengyu, Chembo, Yanne K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Correlation
Density
Four-wave mixing
frequency-bin entanglement
Kerr optical frequency combs
Laser excitation
Microcavities
Optical frequency
Performance measurement
Photonics
Photons
Pump lasers
Resonant frequency
Resonators
Room temperature
twin-photon generation
Whispering-gallery mode resonators
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Summary:Kerr optical frequency combs are generated by pumping a high-Q integrated microresonator with a resonant laser. Below threshold, the pump laser field mediates the phenomenon of spontaneous four-wave mixing, where two pump photons are symmetrically up- and down-converted as twin photons that can be entangled across up to tens of eigenmodes in the spectral domain. While these room-temperature integrated photonic circuits are expected to play a central role in quantum technology, their high dimensionality and dissipative nature are a challenge for their theoretical description, therefore hindering the understanding of their properties and potential of performance. In this article, we develop a framework that permits to obtain an explicit solution for the density operator of quantum microcombs below threshold. This self-consistent theoretical description allows for their complete characterization, as well as for the analytical determination of various performance metrics such as fidelity, purity, and entropy.
ISSN:1077-260X
1558-4542
DOI:10.1109/JSTQE.2024.3402679