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Aging of oil-impregnated paper in power transformers

The effects of moisture, oxygen, and acidity upon the aging of Kraft and thermally upgraded ("Insuldur/spl reg/") papers have been studied in detail. The results for Kraft are consistent with the kinetic model and parameters proposed earlier by Emsley et al., and with the principle that mo...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on power delivery 2004-01, Vol.19 (1), p.230-239
Main Authors:	Lundgaard, L.E., Hansen, W., Linhjell, D., Painter, T.J.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Accelerated aging Amorphous materials Carboxylic acids Consumption Dehydration Kinetic theory Maintenance Mathematical models Moisture Oil insulation Oxidation Petroleum Polymers Power transformer insulation Power transformers Transformers
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creator	Lundgaard, L.E. Hansen, W. Linhjell, D. Painter, T.J.
description	The effects of moisture, oxygen, and acidity upon the aging of Kraft and thermally upgraded ("Insuldur/spl reg/") papers have been studied in detail. The results for Kraft are consistent with the kinetic model and parameters proposed earlier by Emsley et al., and with the principle that moisture promotes acid-hydrolysis by causing carboxylic acids to dissociate. Moisture is released during the aging of Kraft and, hence, its aging is auto-acceleratory. In contrast, Insuldur consumed moisture under the same conditions, aged more slowly, and its aging was less accelerated by added moisture. 2-Furfuraldehyde (2FAL), which is a dehydration product of pentosans and, hence, an index of moisture production, is also released from Kraft during aging, but not from Insuldur. Acids are, however, produced from both types of paper. Theoretical explanations for these findings are proposed, and their practical implications for transformer maintenance are discussed.
doi_str_mv	10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820175
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The results for Kraft are consistent with the kinetic model and parameters proposed earlier by Emsley et al., and with the principle that moisture promotes acid-hydrolysis by causing carboxylic acids to dissociate. Moisture is released during the aging of Kraft and, hence, its aging is auto-acceleratory. In contrast, Insuldur consumed moisture under the same conditions, aged more slowly, and its aging was less accelerated by added moisture. 2-Furfuraldehyde (2FAL), which is a dehydration product of pentosans and, hence, an index of moisture production, is also released from Kraft during aging, but not from Insuldur. Acids are, however, produced from both types of paper. 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Theoretical explanations for these findings are proposed, and their practical implications for transformer maintenance are discussed.</description><subject>Accelerated aging</subject><subject>Amorphous materials</subject><subject>Carboxylic acids</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Dehydration</subject><subject>Kinetic theory</subject><subject>Maintenance</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Moisture</subject><subject>Oil insulation</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Petroleum</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Power transformer insulation</subject><subject>Power transformers</subject><subject>Transformers</subject><issn>0885-8977</issn><issn>1937-4208</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMouK7-APFSPOip6-SjTXJc1k9YUGTFY4hpsmRpm5p0Ef-9XSsIHjzNwDzvC_MgdIphhjHIq9XT6_P1jADQmSCAebGHJlhSnjMCYh9NQIgiF5LzQ3SU0gYAGEiYIDZf-3adBZcFX-e-6aJdt7q3VdbpzsbMt1kXPoalj7pNLsTGxnSMDpyukz35mVP0cnuzWtzny8e7h8V8mRuGZZ8bTkvJnXS4EtxIrW0BGEhp5Bs2RGo5XGlBsam4JIUuSwHGYOt4xStHK0mn6HLs7WJ439rUq8YnY-tatzZskxKyJIwDowN58S9JBAUq6A48_wNuwja2wxdKCCoIw4INEB4hE0NK0TrVRd_o-KkwqJ1u9a1b7XSrUfeQORsz3lr7y5OiHFrpFzrieik</recordid><startdate>200401</startdate><enddate>200401</enddate><creator>Lundgaard, L.E.</creator><creator>Hansen, W.</creator><creator>Linhjell, D.</creator><creator>Painter, T.J.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The results for Kraft are consistent with the kinetic model and parameters proposed earlier by Emsley et al., and with the principle that moisture promotes acid-hydrolysis by causing carboxylic acids to dissociate. Moisture is released during the aging of Kraft and, hence, its aging is auto-acceleratory. In contrast, Insuldur consumed moisture under the same conditions, aged more slowly, and its aging was less accelerated by added moisture. 2-Furfuraldehyde (2FAL), which is a dehydration product of pentosans and, hence, an index of moisture production, is also released from Kraft during aging, but not from Insuldur. Acids are, however, produced from both types of paper. Theoretical explanations for these findings are proposed, and their practical implications for transformer maintenance are discussed.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820175</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record>
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source	IEEE Xplore (Online service)
subjects	Accelerated aging Amorphous materials Carboxylic acids Consumption Dehydration Kinetic theory Maintenance Mathematical models Moisture Oil insulation Oxidation Petroleum Polymers Power transformer insulation Power transformers Transformers
title	Aging of oil-impregnated paper in power transformers
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