Time and Frequency (Time-Domain) Characterization, Estimation, and Prediction of Precision Clocks and Oscillators

Time domain methods for characterizing the performance of precision clocks and oscillators are reviewed, and it is shown that classical statistics do not allow characterization of common kinds of random signal variations noted in precision oscillators. It is found that the two-sample Allan variance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 1987-11, Vol.34 (6), p.647-654
Main Author: Allan, D.W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Circuit properties
Clocks
Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits
Electronic circuits
Electronics
Exact sciences and technology
Frequency estimation
Frequency measurement
Manufacturing
Measurement standards
Oscillators
Oscillators, resonators, synthetizers
Particle measurements
Predictive models
Time domain analysis
Time measurement
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Summary:Time domain methods for characterizing the performance of precision clocks and oscillators are reviewed, and it is shown that classical statistics do not allow characterization of common kinds of random signal variations noted in precision oscillators. It is found that the two-sample Allan variance provides a valuable and convergent measure of the power-law spectral-density models which are useful in the characterization of such random deviations. Once these deviations are characterized, optimum time and frequency estimates can be obtained, and near-optimum systematic effects (which often cause the predominant time and frequency deviations) can be estimated. (R.R.)
ISSN:0885-3010
1525-8955
DOI:10.1109/T-UFFC.1987.26997