The crystal resonator- a digital transducer

Precision piezoelectric quartz resonators have evolved during a half century of research, development, and engineering. It is an evolution that started with rudimentary concepts and a precision of one part in a thousand, and emerged today with a precision of a few parts in 1012. Although there have...

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Published in:IEEE spectrum 1969-04, Vol.6 (4), p.53-58
Main Authors: Hammond, Donald L., Benjaminson, Albert
Format: Magazinearticle
Language:English
Subjects:
Environmental factors
Frequency conversion
Frequency measurement
Piezoelectric transducers
Pressure measurement
Sensor phenomena and characterization
Temperature dependence
Temperature distribution
Temperature sensors
Thickness measurement
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description Precision piezoelectric quartz resonators have evolved during a half century of research, development, and engineering. It is an evolution that started with rudimentary concepts and a precision of one part in a thousand, and emerged today with a precision of a few parts in 1012. Although there have been significant steps forward through single contributions, the evolution has been a continuous improvement with an order of magnitude achieved every five to seven years. Not that anyone was particularly aware of these milestones, but, viewed in total, this improvement of a billion to one must stand as one of the truly amazing developments of this electronic age.
doi_str_mv 10.1109/MSPEC.1969.5214053
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1939-9340
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source IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Journals
subjects Environmental factors
Frequency conversion
Frequency measurement
Piezoelectric transducers
Pressure measurement
Sensor phenomena and characterization
Temperature dependence
Temperature distribution
Temperature sensors
Thickness measurement
title The crystal resonator- a digital transducer
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