Design of high capacity 3D print codes aiming for robustness to the PS channel and external distortions

• Main Authors: Mayer, J., Bermudez, J.C.M., Legg, A.P., Uchoa-Filho, B.F., Mukherjee, D., Said, A., Samadani, R., Simske, S.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithm design and analysis; Authentication; Bayesian methods; Color; Degradation; document authentication; hardcopy watermarking; Information security; Payloads; Printing; Robustness; Statistical pattern classification; Tagging
• ISSN: 1522-4880; 2381-8549
• DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2009.5414127

The process of adding high-density information onto printed material enables and improves interesting hardcopy document applications, such as: security, authentication, physical-electronic round tripping, item-level tagging as well as consumer/product interaction. This investigation on robust and high capacity print codes aims to maximize information payload in a given printed page area, subject to robustness to distortions originated by printing and scanning processes and also to degradations introduced by user manipulation of printed documents. The novel approach includes statistical print-and-scan channel characterization, designing of robust segmentation, unsupervised Bayesian color classification with expectation-maximization algorithm for parameters estimation of a mixture of Gaussians model and design of error correction codes. Results illustrate the performance evaluated under real channel and distortions conditions. High payload is achieved with sufficient robustness to distortions resulting of regular office hardcopy document handling: print-and-scan channel and user manipulation.