Information and Communications Systems for Control-by-Price of Distributed Energy Resources and Flexible Demand

The control-by-price concept fits well with controlling small-scale generation, storage and demand. In this paper, we investigate the required information and communications systems that are needed to realize the control-by-price concept for such units. We first present a proposal for overall infras...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on smart grid 2011-06, Vol.2 (2), p.334-341
Main Authors: Nyeng, P, Ostergaard, J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Buildings
Control-by-price
distributed energy resources
Electricity
micro-CHP
power system balancing
Protocols
Real time systems
real-time market
Servers
Space heating
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Summary:The control-by-price concept fits well with controlling small-scale generation, storage and demand. In this paper, we investigate the required information and communications systems that are needed to realize the control-by-price concept for such units. We first present a proposal for overall infrastructure and subsystem design and secondly focus on the design and implementation of the end-user price-responsive controller, interfaces, and communications. The design and its applicability on existing devices is verified through laboratory tests with two cases: electric space heating thermostat control and a small combined heat and power unit. The results show that the price-responsive controller reduces the end user's electricity cost, or increases his income respectively, by about 7%. At the same time, the price-responsive controller provides an interface for the transmission system operator to utilize distributed energy resources and flexible demand as a regulating resource. Furthermore, the results illustrate and verify the applicability of the concept and the proposed infrastructure for controlling distributed energy resources and flexible demand.
ISSN:1949-3053
1949-3061
DOI:10.1109/TSG.2011.2116811