An In-depth and Black-box Characterization of the Effects of Clock Glitches on 8-bit MCUs

The literature about fault analysis typically describes fault injection mechanisms, e.g. glitches and lasers, and cryptanalytic techniques to exploit faults based on some assumed fault model. Our work narrows the gap between both topics. We thoroughly analyse how clock glitches affect a commercial l...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Balasch, J., Gierlichs, B., Verbauwhede, I.
Format: Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Subjects:
AVR MCU
Circuit faults
clock glitches
Clocks
Cryptography
Fault effect characterization
Field programmable gate arrays
Pipelines
Registers
Smart cards
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Summary:The literature about fault analysis typically describes fault injection mechanisms, e.g. glitches and lasers, and cryptanalytic techniques to exploit faults based on some assumed fault model. Our work narrows the gap between both topics. We thoroughly analyse how clock glitches affect a commercial low-cost processor by performing a large number of experiments on five devices. We observe that the effects of fault injection on two-stage pipeline devices are more complex than commonly reported in the literature. While injecting a fault is relatively easy, injecting an exploitable fault is hard. We further observe that the easiest to inject and reliable fault is to replace instructions, and that random faults do not occur. Finally we explain how typical fault attacks can be mounted on this device, and describe a new attack for which the fault injection is easy and the cryptanalysis trivial.
DOI:10.1109/FDTC.2011.9