Design and Implementation of a Quasi-Orthogonal Switching Beam-Former for Triangular Arrays of Three Radiating Elements

An innovative switching multi-beam network for triangular arrays of three radiating elements is proposed. This novel network provides three orthogonal beams in a desired elevation angle and a fourth one in the broadside steering direction. The network is composed of four-port 3-dB quadrature hybrid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2013-10, Vol.61 (10), p.5028-5035
Main Authors: Garcia-Gasco Trujillo, Javier, Noval Sanchez de Toca, Alvaro, Montesinos Ortego, Ignacio, Fernandez Gonzalez, Jose Manuel, Perez, Manuel Sierra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive arrays
Antennas
Applied sciences
Arrays
Beam steering
Beams (radiation)
Computer architecture
Couplers
Dissipation
Exact sciences and technology
multibeam antennas
Networks
Phased arrays
Ports (Computers)
Radiocommunications
Scattering
Switching
Switching and signalling
Switching theory
Systems, networks and services of telecommunications
Telecommunications
Telecommunications and information theory
Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments)
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Summary:An innovative switching multi-beam network for triangular arrays of three radiating elements is proposed. This novel network provides three orthogonal beams in a desired elevation angle and a fourth one in the broadside steering direction. The network is composed of four-port 3-dB quadrature hybrid power couplers and fixed phase shifters. In this paper, a relation between network components, radiating element distance and beam steering directions is shown. Application of the proposed dissipative network to the triangular cell of three double stacked patches of 1.7 GHz and 60 ° beamwidth that integrates the intelligent antenna GEODA with an array distance of 0.56 λ is exhibited. Measured scattering parameters of the network are compared with both, theoretical and simulated scattering matrices, validating the expected behavior. Besides, by combining two complementary single proposed networks, a matrix that supplies six orthogonal beams in a given elevation angle and a seventh one in the broadside steering direction has been built. Moreover, the whole system, dissipative network with GEODA cell array, has been measured in the anechoic chamber of the Radiation Group at Technical University of Madrid, demonstrating a successful performance.
ISSN:0018-926X
1558-2221
DOI:10.1109/TAP.2013.2272674