Prediction of Nonlinear Distortion in Wideband Active Antenna Arrays

In this paper, we propose a technique for comprehensive analysis of nonlinear and dynamic characteristics of multi-antenna transmitters (TXs). The analysis technique is enabled by the development of a Volterra series-based dual-input model for power amplifiers (PAs), which is capable of considering...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2017-11, Vol.65 (11), p.4550-4563
Main Authors: Hausmair, Katharina, Gustafsson, Sebastian, Sanchez-Perez, Cesar, Landin, Per N., Gustavsson, Ulf, Eriksson, Thomas, Fager, Christian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Active antenna array
Antenna arrays
antenna crosstalk
Antenna design
Antenna radiation patterns
Antennas
Broadband
Broadband antennas
Computer simulation
Crosstalk
Dynamic characteristics
Far fields
Mathematical models
MIMO
mismatch
multi-antenna transmitter
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitter (TX)
Nonlinear analysis
Nonlinear distortion
Nonlinearity
power amplifier modeling
Power amplifiers
power-amplifier (PA) modeling
Transmitters
Wideband
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Summary:In this paper, we propose a technique for comprehensive analysis of nonlinear and dynamic characteristics of multi-antenna transmitters (TXs). The analysis technique is enabled by the development of a Volterra series-based dual-input model for power amplifiers (PAs), which is capable of considering the joint effects of PA nonlinearity, antenna crosstalk, and mismatch for wideband modulated signals. By combining multiple instances of the PA model with linear dynamic antenna simulations, we develop the analysis technique. The proposed method allows the prediction of the output signal of every antenna in an arbitrarily sized TX array, as well as the total far-field radiated wave of the TX for any input signal with low computational effort. A 2.12-GHz four-element TX demonstrator based on GaAs PAs is implemented to verify simulation results with measurements. The proposed technique is a powerful tool to study hardware characteristics as, for example, the effects of antenna design and element spacing. It can be used in cases where experiments are not feasible, and thus aid the development of next generation wireless systems.
ISSN:0018-9480
1557-9670
1557-9670
DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2017.2699962