A High-Voltage-Enabled Class-D Polar PA Using Interactive AM-AM Modulation, Dynamic Matching, and Power-Gating for Average PAE Enhancement

This paper describes a 2.4-GHz digitally-modulated class-D polar power amplifier (PA) with novel circuit techniques to enhance the average power-added efficiency (PAE ave ) that becomes increasingly crucial to prolong the battery lifetime. The PA features 5+5-b interactive AM-AM modulation between t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers Regular papers, 2017-11, Vol.64 (11), p.2844-2857
Main Authors: Wei-Han Yu, Xingqiang Peng, Pui-In Mak, Martins, Rui P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AA Battery
antenna impedance mismatch
Batteries
class-D
CMOS
digital AM modulation
dynamic matching network (DMN)
error-vector magnitude (EVM)
High voltages
Impedance
inverter chain
Inverters
leakage current
Manganese
Matching
matching network (MN)
Modulation
OFDM
polar
power amplifier (PA)
Power amplifiers
Power efficiency
power gating
power-added efficiency (PAE)
Switches
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Summary:This paper describes a 2.4-GHz digitally-modulated class-D polar power amplifier (PA) with novel circuit techniques to enhance the average power-added efficiency (PAE ave ) that becomes increasingly crucial to prolong the battery lifetime. The PA features 5+5-b interactive AM-AM modulation between the class-D unit amplifiers and a novel high resolution dynamic matching network (DMN) to improve the back-off PAE. A novel power-gating technique tailored for class-D PAs is also proposed and embedded into each unit amplifier and its driver (tapped inverter chain), alleviating leakage-current suppression, area reduction of the DMN, and direct-powering by a standard 1.5-V AA battery. An high back-off power efficiency is made possible by introducing a multi-bit capacitively-tuned DMN, which adds low loss while improving the PAE of the unit amplifiers using the load-pull optimization. The DMN also can correct the antenna impedance mismatch for better average P out (P out,ave ) and PAE ave under a practical VSWR (2.5:1), and aids to reconfigure the PA between the P out -optimized and the PAE-optimized modes. For a 20-MHz 64-QAM OFDM output at a typical EVM (
ISSN:1549-8328
1558-0806
DOI:10.1109/TCSI.2017.2703584