A 16-Element 4-Beam 1 GHz IF 100 MHz Bandwidth Interleaved Bit Stream Digital Beamformer in 40 nm CMOS

A 1 GHz intermediate frequency, 16-element, 4-beam digital beamformer facilitates multi-in multi-out, 5G mobile, and other emerging communication standards. Digital beamforming has been limited by high power consumption, large die area, and the need for a large number of analog-to-digital converters...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2018-05, Vol.53 (5), p.1302-1312
Main Authors: Jang, Sunmin, Jeong, Jaehun, Lu, Rundao, Flynn, Michael P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5G mobile communication
Analog to digital conversion
Analog to digital converters
Array signal processing
Bandpass
Bandwidth
Bandwidths
Beamforming
Beams (radiation)
bit stream processing (BSP)
CMOS
delta-sigma modulation
digital beamforming (DBF)
Digitization
Filtering theory
Interference
Intermediate frequencies
linear antenna array
linearity
Mobile communication systems
Modulation
Modulators
multi-in multi-out (MIMO)
Noise levels
phased array
Power consumption
Power demand
receiver
Signal to noise ratio
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Summary:A 1 GHz intermediate frequency, 16-element, 4-beam digital beamformer facilitates multi-in multi-out, 5G mobile, and other emerging communication standards. Digital beamforming has been limited by high power consumption, large die area, and the need for a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The proposed digital beamformer addresses these issues by combining interleaved bit stream processing (IL-BSP) with power- and area-efficient continuous-time bandpass delta-sigma modulators (CTBPDSMs). Compared to conventional DSP, IL-BSP reduces both power and area by 80%. The new CTBPDSM architecture reduces ADC area by 67% and the energy per conversion by 43% with a power- and area-efficient three-stage nested G_{m} - {C} op-amp and a passive summer. With an 11.2 dB array gain, the digital beamformer achieves a 58.5 dB signal to noise and distortion ratio and a 59.6 dB SNR over a 100 MHz bandwidth. Thanks to the accurate digitization and digital processing, the measured beam patterns of the four simultaneous beams are near ideal.
ISSN:0018-9200
1558-173X
DOI:10.1109/JSSC.2018.2791483