Electrically Large Circular Loops in the Estimation of an Incident Emitter's Direction-of-Arrival or Polarization

Electrically small loops have been the focus of the research literature on loop-antenna signal processing, but such electrically small loop-antennas are electromagnetically inefficient. Electrically large loop-antennas will instead be analyzed here in this paper, in the context of estimating an inci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2018-06, Vol.66 (6), p.3046-3055
Main Authors: Khan, Salman, Wong, Kainam Thomas, Song, Yang, Tam, Wai-Yip
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antenna arrays
Antenna measurements
Antenna radiation patterns
antennas
Array signal processing
arrays
direction-of-arrival estimation
Directive antennas
loop antenna arrays
loop antennas
Magnetic resonance
Manifolds
parameter estimation
polarimetry
polarization
polarization estimation
radio direction finding
signal processing antennas
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Summary:Electrically small loops have been the focus of the research literature on loop-antenna signal processing, but such electrically small loop-antennas are electromagnetically inefficient. Electrically large loop-antennas will instead be analyzed here in this paper, in the context of estimating an incident source's direction-of-arrival or polarization. Specifically, three large loop-antennas here are collocated and are oriented orthogonally, in order to measure all three Cartesian components of the incident magnetic field simultaneously all at one specific spatial position. This orthogonal triad offers azimuth-elevation bivariate directivity despite the three loops' spatial collocation. For such a triad of electrically large loops, this paper (first in the open literature) formulates the array manifold, develops the corresponding algorithms in closed form to estimate an incident source's azimuth-elevation direction-of-arrival or polarization, and demonstrates these proposed estimators' precision as close to the Cramér-Rao bounds.
ISSN:0018-926X
1558-2221
DOI:10.1109/TAP.2018.2819727