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Extending ocean RCS models to very rough/breaking surfaces

Conventional two-scale models successfully explain many characteristics of moderate incidence angle microwave backscatter from the ocean surface. However, they inadequately describe sea-spike events. This is significant since sea-spikes have been observed to contribute between 10 to 25% of the mean...

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Main Author:	Ericson, E.A.
Format:	Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Subjects:	Backscatter Oceans Polarization Radar cross section Radar measurements Rough surfaces Sea measurements Sea surface Surface roughness Surface waves
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description	Conventional two-scale models successfully explain many characteristics of moderate incidence angle microwave backscatter from the ocean surface. However, they inadequately describe sea-spike events. This is significant since sea-spikes have been observed to contribute between 10 to 25% of the mean ocean radar cross-section for Ku-band (14 GHz) measurements made at 45/spl deg/ incidence. Sea-spikes are generally believed to be caused by breaking or near-breaking surface waves. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain their occurrence at moderate incidence angles. These include quasi-specular reflections from steep slopes, edge diffraction from sharply peaked wave crests, and increased non-coherent backscatter from shortscale roughness generated by the breaking process. The latter mechanism is the focus of this study. The very rough/breaking surfaces observed during laboratory studies of stationary breaking waves, which may resemble spilling breakers observed in the deep-water ocean, serve as the motivation for this work. Radar backscatter measurements were made along the waves with an X-band (10 GHz) radar at 45/spl deg/ incidence at both HH and VV polarization. The breaking crests had a polarization ratio of about unity and a radar cross-section per unit area (NRCS) of about -6 to -3 dB. This work further investigates non-coherent backscatter from breaking surfaces. The dependence of the NRCS upon short-scale wave roughness is evaluated by applying an exact numerical scattering solver to random rough surfaces ranging from slightly rough ones that are representative of wind waves to very rough ones that are representative of disturbances generated by the stationary breaking waves.
doi_str_mv	10.1109/IGARSS.2000.859639
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However, they inadequately describe sea-spike events. This is significant since sea-spikes have been observed to contribute between 10 to 25% of the mean ocean radar cross-section for Ku-band (14 GHz) measurements made at 45/spl deg/ incidence. Sea-spikes are generally believed to be caused by breaking or near-breaking surface waves. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain their occurrence at moderate incidence angles. These include quasi-specular reflections from steep slopes, edge diffraction from sharply peaked wave crests, and increased non-coherent backscatter from shortscale roughness generated by the breaking process. The latter mechanism is the focus of this study. The very rough/breaking surfaces observed during laboratory studies of stationary breaking waves, which may resemble spilling breakers observed in the deep-water ocean, serve as the motivation for this work. Radar backscatter measurements were made along the waves with an X-band (10 GHz) radar at 45/spl deg/ incidence at both HH and VV polarization. The breaking crests had a polarization ratio of about unity and a radar cross-section per unit area (NRCS) of about -6 to -3 dB. This work further investigates non-coherent backscatter from breaking surfaces. 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The very rough/breaking surfaces observed during laboratory studies of stationary breaking waves, which may resemble spilling breakers observed in the deep-water ocean, serve as the motivation for this work. Radar backscatter measurements were made along the waves with an X-band (10 GHz) radar at 45/spl deg/ incidence at both HH and VV polarization. The breaking crests had a polarization ratio of about unity and a radar cross-section per unit area (NRCS) of about -6 to -3 dB. This work further investigates non-coherent backscatter from breaking surfaces. The dependence of the NRCS upon short-scale wave roughness is evaluated by applying an exact numerical scattering solver to random rough surfaces ranging from slightly rough ones that are representative of wind waves to very rough ones that are representative of disturbances generated by the stationary breaking waves.</description><subject>Backscatter</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Polarization</subject><subject>Radar cross section</subject><subject>Radar measurements</subject><subject>Rough surfaces</subject><subject>Sea measurements</subject><subject>Sea surface</subject><subject>Surface roughness</subject><subject>Surface waves</subject><isbn>0780363590</isbn><isbn>9780780363595</isbn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>conference_proceeding</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>conference_proceeding</recordtype><sourceid>6IE</sourceid><recordid>eNotj11rwjAYhQNj4Ob8A17lD7S-aT6a7E6Kc4IwsPNakvSN66btSOqY_36KuzoX5-HwHEKmDHLGwMxWy_mmrvMCAHItjeLmjjxCqYErLg2MyCSlz0sJ3AhtygfyvPgdsGvabk97j7ajm6qmx77BQ6JDT38wnmnsT_uPmYtov65cOsVgPaYnch_sIeHkP8dk-7J4r16z9dtyVc3XWctADFlRelk2DG1zcRCq1IWzHmTQLrBCBSuC48iF5E57Zbhi0CghrTbecYsS-JhMb7stIu6-Y3u08by7veN_5UlFaA</recordid><startdate>2000</startdate><enddate>2000</enddate><creator>Ericson, E.A.</creator><general>IEEE</general><scope>6IE</scope><scope>6IH</scope><scope>CBEJK</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>RIO</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2000</creationdate><title>Extending ocean RCS models to very rough/breaking surfaces</title><author>Ericson, E.A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i104t-27c57d1ead36346782bac05f8bf126fa4fb3e3453b8c693610d645a89cb3ae503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>conference_proceedings</rsrctype><prefilter>conference_proceedings</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Backscatter</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>Polarization</topic><topic>Radar cross section</topic><topic>Radar measurements</topic><topic>Rough surfaces</topic><topic>Sea measurements</topic><topic>Sea surface</topic><topic>Surface roughness</topic><topic>Surface waves</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ericson, E.A.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Conference Proceedings</collection><collection>IEEE Proceedings Order Plan (POP) 1998-present by volume</collection><collection>IEEE Xplore All Conference Proceedings</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>IEEE Proceedings Order Plans (POP) 1998-present</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ericson, E.A.</au><format>book</format><genre>proceeding</genre><ristype>CONF</ristype><atitle>Extending ocean RCS models to very rough/breaking surfaces</atitle><btitle>IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120)</btitle><stitle>IGARSS</stitle><date>2000</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>6</volume><spage>2558</spage><epage>2560 vol.6</epage><pages>2558-2560 vol.6</pages><isbn>0780363590</isbn><isbn>9780780363595</isbn><abstract>Conventional two-scale models successfully explain many characteristics of moderate incidence angle microwave backscatter from the ocean surface. However, they inadequately describe sea-spike events. This is significant since sea-spikes have been observed to contribute between 10 to 25% of the mean ocean radar cross-section for Ku-band (14 GHz) measurements made at 45/spl deg/ incidence. Sea-spikes are generally believed to be caused by breaking or near-breaking surface waves. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain their occurrence at moderate incidence angles. These include quasi-specular reflections from steep slopes, edge diffraction from sharply peaked wave crests, and increased non-coherent backscatter from shortscale roughness generated by the breaking process. The latter mechanism is the focus of this study. The very rough/breaking surfaces observed during laboratory studies of stationary breaking waves, which may resemble spilling breakers observed in the deep-water ocean, serve as the motivation for this work. Radar backscatter measurements were made along the waves with an X-band (10 GHz) radar at 45/spl deg/ incidence at both HH and VV polarization. The breaking crests had a polarization ratio of about unity and a radar cross-section per unit area (NRCS) of about -6 to -3 dB. This work further investigates non-coherent backscatter from breaking surfaces. The dependence of the NRCS upon short-scale wave roughness is evaluated by applying an exact numerical scattering solver to random rough surfaces ranging from slightly rough ones that are representative of wind waves to very rough ones that are representative of disturbances generated by the stationary breaking waves.</abstract><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/IGARSS.2000.859639</doi></addata></record>
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ispartof	IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120), 2000, Vol.6, p.2558-2560 vol.6
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subjects	Backscatter Oceans Polarization Radar cross section Radar measurements Rough surfaces Sea measurements Sea surface Surface roughness Surface waves
title	Extending ocean RCS models to very rough/breaking surfaces
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