A Single-Line Single-Channel Method With Closed-Form Formulas for the Characterization of Dielectric Liquids

This paper presents a method for the measurement of liquid permittivity without using liquid reference materials or calibration standards. The method uses a single transmission line and a single microfluidic channel which intercept the line twice. As a result, two transmission line segments are form...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2019-06, Vol.67 (6), p.2443-2450
Main Authors: Ye, Duye, Islam, Md Saiful, Yu, Guofen, Wang, Pingshan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Calibration
Closed form solutions
complex permittivity
Coplanar waveguides
Deionization
Ethanol
Exact solutions
liquid
Liquids
Mathematical analysis
Microfluidics
Permittivity
Permittivity measurement
Reference materials
S parameters
Scattering parameters
Segments
Table lookup
trace algorithm
Transmission line measurements
Transmission lines
transmission-line fluidic sensor
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Summary:This paper presents a method for the measurement of liquid permittivity without using liquid reference materials or calibration standards. The method uses a single transmission line and a single microfluidic channel which intercept the line twice. As a result, two transmission line segments are formed with channel sections to measure liquid samples. In single-connection measurements, the scattering parameters of three transmission line states can be obtained. The three states are both segments filled with air, one segment filled with a liquid sample while the other with air, and both segments filled with liquid. By choosing a 2:1 ratio for the two line segment lengths, closed-form formulas are provided to calculate line propagation constants directly from measured S-parameters. Then, sample permittivity values are obtained. A coplanar waveguide is built and tested with deionized water, methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol from 0.1 to 9 GHz. The obtained line performance agrees with the simulation results. The obtained sample permittivity values agree with commonly accepted values.
ISSN:0018-9480
1557-9670
DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2019.2908862