Integral equation solution of Maxwell's equations from zero frequency to microwave frequencies

• Published in: IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2000-10, Vol.48 (10), p.1635-1645
• Main Authors: Zhao, Jun-Sheng, Chew, Weng Cho
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Biomedical optical imaging; Decomposition; Electromagnetics; Geometry; Integral equations; Joints; Mathematical analysis; Matrix decomposition; Maxwell equations; Maxwell's equations; Microwave frequencies; Moment methods; Optical sensors; Preconditioning; Radar antennas; Solvers; Studies; Transformations
• ISSN: 0018-926X; 1558-2221
• DOI: 10.1109/8.899680

We develop a new method to precondition the matrix equation resulting from applying the method of moments (MoM) to the electric field integral equation (EFIE). This preconditioning method is based on first applying the loop-tree or loop-star decomposition of the currents to arrive at a Helmholtz decomposition of the unknown currents. However, the MoM matrix thus obtained still cannot be solved efficiently by iterative solvers due to the large number of iterations required. We propose a permutation of the loop-tree or loop-star currents by a connection matrix, to arrive at a current basis that yields a MoM matrix that can be solved efficiently by iterative solvers. Consequently, dramatic reduction in iteration count has been observed. The various steps can be regarded as a rearrangement of the basis functions to arrive at the MoM matrix. Therefore, they are related to the original MoM matrix by matrix transformation, where the transformation requires the inverse of the connection matrix. We have also developed a fast method to invert the connection matrix so that the complexity of the preconditioning procedure is of O(N) and, hence, can be used in fast solvers such as the low-frequency multilevel fast multipole algorithm (LP-MLFMA). This procedure also makes viable the use of fast solvers such as MLFMA to seek the iterative solutions of Maxwell's equations from zero frequency to microwave frequencies.