Understanding Small-Signal Stability of Low-Inertia Systems

Large-scale integration of renewable generation, usually interfaced to the network through power electronics, has led to drastic changes in power system dynamics. This paper presents novel insights into stability properties of such systems. For that purpose, a high-fidelity dynamic model of a generi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power systems 2021-09, Vol.36 (5), p.3997-4017
Main Authors: Markovic, Uros, Stanojev, Ognjen, Aristidou, Petros, Vrettos, Evangelos, Callaway, Duncan, Hug, Gabriela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Converters
Differential algebraic equations
Dynamic models
Dynamic stability
Inertia
Interface stability
low-inertia systems
Modal analysis
Parameter sensitivity
Power conversion
Power system dynamics
Power system stability
small-signal stability
Stability criteria
synchronous generator
Synchronous generators
System dynamics
Systems stability
Transmission lines
voltage source converter
Voltage-source converters
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Summary:Large-scale integration of renewable generation, usually interfaced to the network through power electronics, has led to drastic changes in power system dynamics. This paper presents novel insights into stability properties of such systems. For that purpose, a high-fidelity dynamic model of a generic low-inertia power system has been developed. The full-order, state-of-the-art control schemes of both synchronous and converter-based generators are included, with the latter differentiating between grid-forming and grid-following mode of operation. Furthermore, the dynamics of transmission lines and loads are captured in the model. Using modal analysis techniques such as participation factors and parameter sensitivity, the most vulnerable segments of the system are determined and the adverse effects of timescale coupling and control interference are investigated. More precisely, this work characterizes the maximum permissible penetration levels of inverter-based generation as well as the nature of the associated unstable modes and the underlying dynamics. Finally, potential directions for improving the system stability margin under different generation portfolios are proposed for several benchmark systems.
ISSN:0885-8950
1558-0679
DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3061434