Terahertz Massive MIMO With Holographic Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

We propose a holographic version of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and investigate its application to terahertz (THz) massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. Capitalizing on the miniaturization of THz electronic components, RISs can be implemented by densely packing sub-wavelengt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on communications 2021-07, Vol.69 (7), p.4732-4750
Main Authors: Wan, Ziwei, Gao, Zhen, Gao, Feifei, Renzo, Marco Di, Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Broadband
Channel estimation
Channels
compressive sensing (CS)
Domains
Downlink
Electronic components
Electronics
Engineering Sciences
Hardware
holographic communications
Holography
Massive MIMO
MIMO communication
Miniaturization
reconfigurable intelligent surface
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
Signal processing algorithms
Simulation
System effectiveness
Terahertz communications
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Summary:We propose a holographic version of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and investigate its application to terahertz (THz) massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. Capitalizing on the miniaturization of THz electronic components, RISs can be implemented by densely packing sub-wavelength unit cells, so as to realize continuous or quasi-continuous apertures and to enable holographic communications . In this paper, in particular, we derive the beam pattern of a holographic RIS. Our analysis reveals that the beam pattern of an ideal holographic RIS can be well approximated by that of an ultra-dense RIS, which has a more practical hardware architecture. In addition, we propose a closed-loop channel estimation (CE) scheme to effectively estimate the broadband channels that characterize THz massive MIMO systems aided by holographic RISs. The proposed CE scheme includes a downlink coarse CE stage and an uplink finer-grained CE stage. The uplink pilot signals are judiciously designed for obtaining good CE performance. Moreover, to reduce the pilot overhead, we introduce a compressive sensing-based CE algorithm, which exploits the dual sparsity of THz MIMO channels in both the angular domain and delay domain. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of holographic RISs over the non-holographic ones, and the effectiveness of the proposed CE scheme.
ISSN:0090-6778
1558-0857
DOI:10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3064949