Charging Infrastructure for Commercial Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Works

• Published in: IEEE access 2021, Vol.9, p.121476-121492
• Main Authors: Al-Hanahi, Bassam, Ahmad, Iftekhar, Habibi, Daryoush, Masoum, Mohammad A. S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Batteries; Charging; charging infrastructure; Charging stations; Commercial electric vehicles; Commercial vehicles; Drivers licenses; Electric potential; electric trucks; Electric vehicles; Electrification; return-to-base model; smart charging system; Trucks; Vehicle-to-grid
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3108817

The journey towards transportation electrification started with small electric vehicles (i.e., electric cars), which have enjoyed an increasing level of global interest in recent years. Electrification of commercial vehicles (e.g., trucks) seems to be a natural progression of this journey, and many commercial vehicle manufacturers have shifted their focus on medium- and heavy-duty vehicle electrification over the last few years. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review and analysis of the existing works presented in the literature on commercial vehicle charging. The paper starts with a brief discussion on the significance of commercial vehicle electrification, especially heavy- and medium-duty vehicles. The paper then reviews two major charging strategies for commercial vehicles, namely the return-to-base model and the on route charging model. Research challenges related to the return-to-base model are then analysed in detail. Next, different methods to charge commercial vehicles on route during their driving cycles are summarized. The paper then analyzes the challenging issues related to charging commercial vehicles at public charging stations. Future works relevant to these challenges are highlighted. Finally, the possibility of accommodating vehicle to grid technology for commercial vehicles is discussed.