Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems With Non-Ideal Hardware: Phase Drifts and Distortion Noise

A generalized uplink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system with hardware imperfections is investigated. Specifically, the hardware impairments consist of multiplicative phase drifts, additive distortion, and amplified thermal noise. Leveraging on a generic hardware impairme...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on vehicular technology 2021-11, Vol.70 (11), p.11604-11618
Main Authors: Zhang, Yao, Zhang, Qi, Hu, Han, Yang, Longxiang, Zhu, Hongbo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Antenna arrays
Cell-free mMIMO
Channel estimation
Control algorithms
Control theory
Design optimization
Design parameters
Distortion
Drift
Exact solutions
Hardware
hardware impairment
Massive MIMO
Mathematical models
Mean square error methods
Phase distortion
phase drifts
Power control
sum-rate maximization
Thermal noise
Uplink
Uplinking
weighted MMSE
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Summary:A generalized uplink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system with hardware imperfections is investigated. Specifically, the hardware impairments consist of multiplicative phase drifts, additive distortion, and amplified thermal noise. Leveraging on a generic hardware impairment model, closed-form expressions for the channel estimation and achievable rate are presented. Based on these tractable results, we explore the uplink achievable rate surrounding the key design parameters, i.e., the channel estimation error, the number of antenna arrays, the local oscillator (LO) setup, and the variance of phase drifts. Aside from this, we also design a power optimization algorithm to maximize the sum-rate under variant channel use. The weighted minimum mean square error (MMSE) methodology is introduced to iteratively determine the solution in closed form. Numerical simulations validate the analytical analyses and examine the effectiveness of the proposed power control algorithm.
ISSN:0018-9545
1939-9359
DOI:10.1109/TVT.2021.3111708