Performance of LoRa-Based Schemes and Quadrature Chirp Index Modulation

This article proposes new approximations for the bit error probability of several LoRa-based schemes, such as phase-shift keying (PSK) LoRa, in-phase and quadrature (IQ) chirp spread spectrum (CSS), discrete chirp rate keying (DCRK) CSS, and CSS with index modulation (IM). We include a new scheme th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE internet of things journal 2022-05, Vol.9 (10), p.7759-7772
Main Authors: Baruffa, Giuseppe, Rugini, Luca
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chirp
Chirp spread spectrum (CSS)
Codes
Coherence
Complexity
Computing costs
Detectors
Energy costs
error probability
index modulation (IM)
Indexes
Internet of Things
LoRa
Modulation
Peak to average power ratio
Phase shift keying
Power capacitors
quadrature multiplexing
Quadratures
Random noise
Spread spectrum
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Summary:This article proposes new approximations for the bit error probability of several LoRa-based schemes, such as phase-shift keying (PSK) LoRa, in-phase and quadrature (IQ) chirp spread spectrum (CSS), discrete chirp rate keying (DCRK) CSS, and CSS with index modulation (IM). We include a new scheme that combines IQ, CSS, and IM, denoted as IQ chirp index modulation (IQCIM). Our analysis, which assumes coherent detection in additive white Gaussian noise, compares the LoRa-based schemes also in terms of spectral efficiency, computational complexity, and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Noncoherent detection of CSS with IM is analyzed as well. Our performance analysis shows that the proposed IQCIM produces a significant increase of spectral efficiency (SE) compared to LoRa with similar complexity, at an energy cost of approximately 0.9 dB. When compared to the other LoRa-based schemes, for a fixed decoding latency, the SE of IQCIM is still the largest, with reduced computational cost per transmitted bit. In this context, we also propose a maximum-likelihood (ML) coherent detector for PSK-LoRa and a novel noncoherent detector for IQCSS.
ISSN:2327-4662
2327-4662
DOI:10.1109/JIOT.2021.3114096