Fast and accurate synthesis of electronically reconfigurable annular ring monopole antennas using particle swarm optimisation and artificial bee colony algorithms

• Published in: IET microwaves, antennas & propagation antennas & propagation, 2016-03, Vol.10 (4), p.362-369
• Main Authors: Rodrigues, Eduardo Jorge Brito, Lins, Hertz Wilton Castro, D'Assunção, Adaildo Gomes
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ABC algorithms; ANSOFT high‐frequency structure simulator software; antenna design; antenna dimensions; antenna feeding line; antenna geometry; antenna prototypes; antenna radiation patterns; artificial bee colony; bioinspired algorithms; cognitive radio; electrical engineering computing; electronically reconfigurable annular ring monopole antenna synthesis; frequency response; impedance bandwidths; Java; Java language; microstrip stubs; monopole antennas; NB transmitting antenna; objective functions; OFF‐state modes; ON‐state modes; particle swarm optimisation; PSO algorithms; radiofrequency p‐i‐n diodes; ultra wideband antennas; ultrawideband antenna; UWb sensing antenna; validation purposes
• ISSN: 1751-8725; 1751-8733
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-map.2015.0106

The synthesis of a simple electronically reconfigurable annular ring monopole antenna using a designing optimisation process based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms is proposed. Several antenna dimensions are selected as objective functions of PSO and ABC and their best solutions are considered as the optimised dimensions of the antenna geometry. Two radio-frequency p–i–n diodes, connecting the antenna feeding line to two microstrip stubs are used to change the antenna frequency response from ultra-wideband (UWB), from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, to narrowband (NB) operation about 5.8 GHz. The antenna design and simulation are performed using Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator software. PSO and ABC algorithms are written in Java language. Thereafter, antenna prototypes are fabricated and measured for validation purposes. Simulation and measurement results are obtained showing good agreement. The measured optimised impedance bandwidths of the UWB and NB bands are up to 128 and 23%, respectively. Additionally, simulated and measured radiation patterns are very similar when the reconfigurable antenna is operating in OFF-state (UWB sensing antenna) and in ON-state (NB transmitting antenna) modes, indicating the proposed antenna geometry as a promising candidate for applications such as UWB and cognitive radio.