MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY ARSENIC TRIOXIDE IN NEUROBLASTOMA CELL LINES

• Published in: Pediatric hematology and oncology 2005-10, Vol.22 (7), p.609-621
• Main Authors: Ryu, Kyung-Ha, Woo, So-Youn, Lee, Mi-Young, Jung, Yun-Jae, Yoo, Eun-Sun, Seoh, Ju-Young, Kie, Jeong-Hae, Shin, Hee-Young, Ahn, Hyo-Seop
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Annexin A5 - biosynthesis; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; arsenic trioxide (As; Arsenicals - pharmacology; Arsenicals - therapeutic use; Cell Survival - drug effects; Collagen Type XI - biosynthesis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation - drug effects; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Lymphocytes - metabolism; Lymphocytes - ultrastructure; Neuroblastoma - drug therapy; Neuroblastoma - metabolism; Neuroblastoma - ultrastructure; neuroblastoma cell line; Oxides - pharmacology; Oxides - therapeutic use; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - biosynthesis
• ISSN: 0888-0018; 1521-0669
• DOI: 10.1080/08880010500198897

Arsenic trioxide has recently been shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in a variety of hematologic malignancies, but very little is known about its effects on solid tumors and especially on neuroblastoma cells that have self-differentiating characteristics. To demonstrate the growth inhibition induced in neuroblastoma cells (the SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS cell line) and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) by arsenic trioxide (As2O3), the viable cell numbers were counted after trypan blue staining. Apoptosis was assessed by the cell morphology, by flow cytometry with annexin-V staining, and by Western blot analysis for the apoptosis-related proteins (bcl-2 and PARP). To decide the dose for the clinical application of As2O3, normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were also examined. The growth and survival of the SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS cells were markedly inhibited by As2O3 treatment at a 3 μM concentration before the changes of the normal lymphocytes were observed. The apoptotic cells showed a shrunken cell nucleus, and an increase in the number and balloon-like swelling of the mitochondria at 72 h after the As2O3 was added. Apoptosis of the annexin-V-positive cell proportion in the neuroblastoma cell lines was increased with increasing the exposure time and the concentration of As2O3, just like the HL-60 cells. Bcl-2 downregulation and PARP degradation were also noted all the cell lines, but these changes were not statistically significant among the 3 cell lines. Taken together, these results indicate that As2O3 is an excellent candidate as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroblastoma.