Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host. Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are essential for survival and pathogenicity. PAMPs are sensed by evolutionarily conserved, germline-enc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International Reviews of Immunology 2011-01, Vol.30 (1), p.16-34
Main Authors: Kumar, Himanshu, Kawai, Taro, Akira, Shizuo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Antigens - immunology
Antigens - metabolism
Apicomplexa
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
Bacteria
Cytokines - immunology
Fungi
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Infection - immunology
Inflammasomes - immunology
Inflammasomes - metabolism
Innate immunity
Interferon Type I - immunology
Mice
NOD-like receptors
Receptors, Cell Surface - immunology
Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism
RIG-I-like receptors
Signal Transduction - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Toll-like receptors
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism
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Summary:Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host. Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are essential for survival and pathogenicity. PAMPs are sensed by evolutionarily conserved, germline-encoded host sensors known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). Recognition of PAMPs by PRRs rapidly triggers an array of anti-microbial immune responses through the induction of various inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons. These responses also initiate the development of pathogen-specific, long-lasting adaptive immunity through B and T lymphocytes. Several families of PRRs, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and DNA receptors (cytosolic sensors for DNA), are known to play a crucial role in host defense. In this review, we comprehensively review the recent progress in the field of PAMP recognition by PRRs and the signaling pathways activated by PRRs.
ISSN:0883-0185
1937-4364
1563-5244
DOI:10.3109/08830185.2010.529976