Variability in DDT-induced apoptosis in Mexican indigenous populations

Context: In previous studies, we showed that DDT and its metabolites are able to induce apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) "in vitro" and "in vivo", by a mechanism involving oxidative stress. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanism...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dietary supplements 2011-11, Vol.21 (9), p.675-680
Main Authors: Pérez-Maldonado, Iván N., Pérez-Vázquez, Francisco J., Gaspar-Ramírez, Octavio, González-Amaro, Roberto, Díaz-Barriga, Fernando
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Birth
Children
Comet assay
DDE
DDT
DDT - toxicity
Dietary supplements
DNA damage
Gas chromatography
health effects
Humans
Infectious diseases
Metabolites
Mexico
Oxidative stress
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Smoke
Tobacco
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Summary:Context: In previous studies, we showed that DDT and its metabolites are able to induce apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) "in vitro" and "in vivo", by a mechanism involving oxidative stress. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanism by which DDT induces apoptosis in PBMC in children exposed to DDT and its metabolites. Materials and methods: Eligibility criteria included children who: (1) have lived in the selected community since birth, (2) were between 6 and 14 years of age at the time of the study, (3) had not been exposed to medicaments or tobacco smoke, and (4) had had no infectious diseases in the month prior to the study. DDT and its metabolites were quantified using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector, PBMC apoptosis was measured using the TUNEL assay, DNA damage and oxidative damage were studied using the comet assay. Results: Apoptosis correlated to DDE exposure (p = 0.040), as previously found. DNA damage also correlated to DDT (p = 0.005) and DDE (p = 0.004) levels. However, neither exposure to DDT or DDE and oxidative damage, nor oxidative damage and apoptosis, were significantly correlated. Children living in Lacanja, Chiapas, one of the communities studied in this work, had the highest levels of exposure to DDT and its metabolites, yet had the lowest percentage of apoptosis. Conclusion: Resistance to DDE-induced apoptosis was found in children from one community. Further studies are needed in order to understand the mechanism involved in this apoptosis resistance.
ISSN:1537-6516
1939-0211
1537-6524
DOI:10.3109/15376516.2011.601354