Long-term skin damage due to chemical weapon exposure

Sulfur mustard (2,2-dichlorodiethyl sulfide: SM), the protagonist of vesicant chemical weapons, was first used in July 1917. Despite prohibition of its production and use by international conventions, it has been used in several conflicts. More than 100,000 soldiers and civilians were injured due to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cutaneous and ocular toxicology 2011-03, Vol.30 (1), p.64-68
Main Authors: Firooz, Alireza, Sadr, Bardia, Davoudi, Seyed M., Nassiri-Kashani, Mansour, Panahi, Yunes, Dowlati, Yahya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
angioma
blister
Chemical Warfare Agents - toxicity
Chronic Disease
Dermatologic Agents - therapeutic use
Humans
Mustard
Mustard Gas - toxicity
scar
Skin - drug effects
Skin - pathology
skin cancer
Skin Diseases - chemically induced
Skin Diseases - pathology
Skin Diseases - therapy
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Summary:Sulfur mustard (2,2-dichlorodiethyl sulfide: SM), the protagonist of vesicant chemical weapons, was first used in July 1917. Despite prohibition of its production and use by international conventions, it has been used in several conflicts. More than 100,000 soldiers and civilians were injured due to SM exposure during Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988). The acute skin lesions consist of erythema, edema, and blisters. Skin xerosis and pruritus, pigmentation disorders, scars, and cherry angiomas are among the most common long-term skin lesions after contact with SM. Although SM is a well-known carcinogenic substance, skin cancers are rarely reported.
ISSN:1556-9527
1556-9535
DOI:10.3109/15569527.2010.529547