Conducting a battery of bioassays for gold nanoparticles to derive guideline value for the protection of aquatic ecosystems

Abstract Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are used in many applications, including the manufacture of products like cosmetics, paints, and electrochemical immunosensors, and in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors. However, there are no legal or recommended guidelines for protecting aquatic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanotoxicology 2015-05, Vol.9 (3), p.326-335
Main Authors: Nam, Sun-Hwa, Shin, Yu-Jin, Lee, Woo-Mi, Kim, Shin Woong, Kwak, Jin Il, Yoon, Sung-Ji, An, Youn-Joo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
A battery of bioassays
Animals
aquatic ecosystem
Assessments
Bacteria
Battery
Biological Assay
Cladocera
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
ecotoxicology
Euglena
Fishes
Fresh Water
Gold - chemistry
gold nanoparticles
Guidelines
Guidelines as Topic
Insecta
Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry
Metal Nanoparticles - toxicity
Nanoparticles
nanotoxicology
Paints
Protective coatings
risk assessment
Seawater
Water Microbiology
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Summary:Abstract Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are used in many applications, including the manufacture of products like cosmetics, paints, and electrochemical immunosensors, and in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors. However, there are no legal or recommended guidelines for protecting aquatic ecosystems from Au-NPs. In this study, we conducted a battery of bioassays and present toxicity values for two bacteria, one alga, one euglena, three cladoceran, and two fish species that were exposed to Au-NPs. Guideline values for protecting aquatic ecosystems from Au-NPs were derived using methods that are generally used to derive water-quality guidelines and are used in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the European Community (EC), and the USA. Au-NPs had adverse effects on all test species, including growth inhibition of both bacteria, the alga, and the euglena; mortality and immobilization in the three cladocerans; and developmental malformations in the embryos and larvae of the two fish. Guideline values of 0.15 and 0.04 × 1010 particles/mL were derived for Au-NPs using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and assessment factor. The guideline value derived for Au-NPs using an assessment factor was more stringent than that derived using SSD. This is the first study to derive guideline values for nanoparticles in water environments.
ISSN:1743-5390
1743-5404
DOI:10.3109/17435390.2014.930531