The toxicity of Fenvalerate, Niclosamide and Profenfos and some of their mixtures with a domestic detergent to Nile Tilapia fish with special reference to gill uptake and toxicokinetics of Fenvalerate and Fenvalerate-detergent mixture

• Published in: Toxicological and environmental chemistry 2001-05, Vol.81 (1-2), p.81-96
• Main Authors: Ahmed, Mohamed Tawfic, Reda, Laila A., Loutfy, Naglaa M., Ali, T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Detergents; Fenvalerate; Fish; Gas chromatography; Gills; Niclosamide; Profenfos; Toxicity; Uptake
• ISSN: 0277-2248; 1029-0486
• DOI: 10.1080/02772240109359021

The toxicity of Fenvalerate, O-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-butyrate, Niclosamide, 2,5-dichloro-4-nitrosalicylanilide and Profenofos, O-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl-O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate, to Nile Tilapia fish were determined. The toxicity of some of the binary mixtures of Fenvalerate and Niclosamide when mixed with Ariel, the domestic detergent was assessed. Gill uptake of Fenvalerate was studied over various spans of exposure intervals, and compared to uptake level when detergent was added. The role of adding the detergent to enhance Fenvalerate penetration through gills was ascertained. Meanwhile, detailed studies on the relationship between detergent increase and Fenvalerate penetration was undertaken. Results indicated that Fenvalerate is the most toxic to Nile Tilapia with an LC50 of 0.015mgL −1 , followed by Niclosamide, with an LC50 of 0.3mgL −1 , while Profenfos was the least toxic, with an LC50 of 2.02mgL −1 . The addition of detergent concentrations has increased the toxic effect of both compounds, to some extent. In the case of Fenvalerate, the addition of 40, 50, 60, and 70mgL −1 of detergent has resulted in an increase of about 8, 12, 20, and 29% in Fenvalerate's mortality, based on LC50 mortality level. While in the case of Niclosamide, the addition of even the smaller concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20mg L −1 of the detergent has resulted in a comparable increase of about 4, 16, 20, and 25% in the toxicity, based on LC50 toxicity level. Residues of Fenvalerate were monitored in gills of Fenvalerate and Fenvalerate-detergent treated fish after different intervals of exposure. Residues of Fenvalerate in Fenvalerate treatment were 0, 0.075, 0.19, 0.27, 0.31 μg kg −1 , for 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min respectively, while in the case of Fenvalerate-detergent treatment residues detected for the same intervals were 0, 0.063, 0.25, 0.41, 0.47 μg kg −1 . Kinetic studies on the rate of Fenvalerate penetration in fish gills indicated some increase in the rate of Fenvalerate penetration as a function of detergent increase.