Ammonium, Nitrate and Nitrite Nitrogen and Nitrate Reductase Enzyme Activity in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Fields After Diazinon, Imidacloprid and Lindane Treatments

• Published in: Journal of environmental science and health. Part B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 2006-12, Vol.41 (8), p.1305-1318
• Main Authors: Singh, J, Singh, D.K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ammonium; ammonium nitrate; ammonium nitrogen; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Arachis - enzymology; Arachis - metabolism; Arachis hypogaea; Biological and medical sciences; crop yield; Diazinon; Diazinon - analysis; Diazinon - toxicity; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on plants and fungi; enzymatic activity; enzyme activity; field experimentation; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Half-Life; Imidacloprid; Imidazoles - analysis; Imidazoles - toxicity; Insecticides - analysis; Insecticides - toxicity; Lindane; Lindane - analysis; Lindane - toxicity; Neonicotinoids; Nitrate; nitrate nitrogen; Nitrate reductase; Nitrate Reductase - metabolism; Nitrates; Nitrates - analysis; Nitrates - metabolism; Nitrite nitrogen; Nitrites; Nitrites - analysis; Nitrites - metabolism; Nitro Compounds; Nitrogen; peanuts; pesticide application; pesticide residues; Pesticide Residues - analysis; Pesticide Residues - toxicity; Pesticides; Q1; Q2; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - analysis; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - metabolism; seed treatment; Seeds - chemistry; Soil; Soil enzyme; soil enzymes; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soil Pollutants - toxicity; soil pollution; soil treatment; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0360-1234; 1532-4109
• DOI: 10.1080/03601230600963938

Impacts of diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate), imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] and lindane (1,2,3,4,5.6-hexachlorocyclohexane) treatments on ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite nitrogen and nitrate reductase enzyme activities were determined in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field for three consecutive years (1997 to 1999). Diazinon was applied for both seed- and soil-treatments but imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments only at recommended rates. Diazinon residues persisted for 60 days in both the cases. Average half-lives (t 1/2 ) of diazinon were found 29.3 and 34.8 days respectively in seed and soil treatments. In diazinon seed treatment, NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and NO 2 − nitrogen and nitrate reductase activity were not affected. Whereas, diazinon soil treatment indicated significant increase in NH 4 + -N in a 1-day sample, which continued until 90 days. Some declines in NO 3 − N were found from 15 to 60 days. Along with this decline, significant increases in NO 2 − N and nitrate reductase activity were found between 1 and 30 days. Imidacloprid and lindane persisted for 90 and 120 days with average half-lives (t 1/2 ) of 40.9 and 53.3 days, respectively. Within 90 days, imidacloprid residues lost by 73.17% to 82.49% while such losses for lindane residues were found 78.19% to 79.86 % within 120 days. In imidacloprid seed-treated field, stimulation of NO 3 − N and the decline in NH 4 + NO 2 − -N and nitrate reductase enzyme activity were observed between 15 to 90 days. However, lindane seed treatment indicated significant increases in NH 4 + -N, NO 2 − -N and nitrate reductase activity and some adverse effects on NO 3 − N between 15 and 90 days.