Within and between race differences in lymphocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and neutrophil levels in HIV-uninfected children with or without HIV exposure in Europe and Uganda

Background: Racial immuno-haematological differences have been reported in children but to date have not been well quantified. Aim: To investigate differences in haemato-immunological markers over age between children born and living in Europe and Uganda. Subjects: HIV-uninfected children living in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of tropical paediatrics 2006-09, Vol.26 (3), p.169-179
Main Authors: Bunders, Madeleine, Lugada, Eric, Mermin, Jonathan, Downing, Robert, Were, Willy, Thorne, Claire, Newell, Marie-Louise
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging - immunology
Biological and medical sciences
Blacks
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Europe
Female
General aspects
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV-1
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Leukocyte Count
Lymphopenia - immunology
Male
Medical sciences
Neutrophils - immunology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
Prospective Studies
Sex Characteristics
Uganda
Whites
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Summary:Background: Racial immuno-haematological differences have been reported in children but to date have not been well quantified. Aim: To investigate differences in haemato-immunological markers over age between children born and living in Europe and Uganda. Subjects: HIV-uninfected children living in Uganda (n=1633) with cross-sectional data. Black (n=604) and white children (n=1355) living in Europe, both with prospective data. The children born in Europe were HIV-uninfected but born to HIV-infected mothers and were included in the European Collaborative Study (ECS). Methods: Patterns and levels of total lymphocyte (TLC), CD4+, CD8+ counts and CD4% were visualised by smoothers (a line representing the weighted average of all measurements over age by study group). Differences between groups were quantified using age-standardised Z-scores for individual TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts in uni- and multivariate regression models. Results: In infancy, TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts were lower in Ugandan than black European children; neutrophil counts were similar. Thereafter, only neutrophil counts were lower in Ugandan children. To assess within-race differences, we compared Z-scores of ECS children born to Ugandan mothers with those of Ugandan children. Levels of all four markers were lower in Ugandan children at all ages. In Ugandan children, CD4+ counts were 0.5985 Z-score (p
ISSN:0272-4936
2046-9047
1465-3281
2046-9055
DOI:10.1179/146532806X120255