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Within and between race differences in lymphocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and neutrophil levels in HIV-uninfected children with or without HIV exposure in Europe and Uganda
Background: Racial immuno-haematological differences have been reported in children but to date have not been well quantified. Aim: To investigate differences in haemato-immunological markers over age between children born and living in Europe and Uganda. Subjects: HIV-uninfected children living in...
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| Published in: | Annals of tropical paediatrics 2006-09, Vol.26 (3), p.169-179 |
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| container_title | Annals of tropical paediatrics |
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| creator | Bunders, Madeleine Lugada, Eric Mermin, Jonathan Downing, Robert Were, Willy Thorne, Claire Newell, Marie-Louise |
| description | Background: Racial immuno-haematological differences have been reported in children but to date have not been well quantified.
Aim: To investigate differences in haemato-immunological markers over age between children born and living in Europe and Uganda.
Subjects: HIV-uninfected children living in Uganda (n=1633) with cross-sectional data. Black (n=604) and white children (n=1355) living in Europe, both with prospective data. The children born in Europe were HIV-uninfected but born to HIV-infected mothers and were included in the European Collaborative Study (ECS).
Methods: Patterns and levels of total lymphocyte (TLC), CD4+, CD8+ counts and CD4% were visualised by smoothers (a line representing the weighted average of all measurements over age by study group). Differences between groups were quantified using age-standardised Z-scores for individual TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts in uni- and multivariate regression models.
Results: In infancy, TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts were lower in Ugandan than black European children; neutrophil counts were similar. Thereafter, only neutrophil counts were lower in Ugandan children. To assess within-race differences, we compared Z-scores of ECS children born to Ugandan mothers with those of Ugandan children. Levels of all four markers were lower in Ugandan children at all ages. In Ugandan children, CD4+ counts were 0.5985 Z-score (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1179/146532806X120255 |
| format | article |
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Aim: To investigate differences in haemato-immunological markers over age between children born and living in Europe and Uganda.
Subjects: HIV-uninfected children living in Uganda (n=1633) with cross-sectional data. Black (n=604) and white children (n=1355) living in Europe, both with prospective data. The children born in Europe were HIV-uninfected but born to HIV-infected mothers and were included in the European Collaborative Study (ECS).
Methods: Patterns and levels of total lymphocyte (TLC), CD4+, CD8+ counts and CD4% were visualised by smoothers (a line representing the weighted average of all measurements over age by study group). Differences between groups were quantified using age-standardised Z-scores for individual TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts in uni- and multivariate regression models.
Results: In infancy, TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts were lower in Ugandan than black European children; neutrophil counts were similar. Thereafter, only neutrophil counts were lower in Ugandan children. To assess within-race differences, we compared Z-scores of ECS children born to Ugandan mothers with those of Ugandan children. Levels of all four markers were lower in Ugandan children at all ages. In Ugandan children, CD4+ counts were 0.5985 Z-score (p<0.001) and neutrophil counts 0.3872 Z-score (p<0.001) lower than in European children born to Ugandan mothers.
Conclusions: There are differences in levels of haemato-immunological markers in children with comparable genetic backgrounds, suggesting that environmental factors such as nutrition and exposure to micro-organisms might have important effects on the developing immune system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0272-4936</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2046-9047</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1465-3281</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2046-9055</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1179/146532806X120255</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16925953</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ATPAD9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Leeds: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Aging - immunology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blacks ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Europe ; Female ; General aspects ; HIV Infections - immunology ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphopenia - immunology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Neutrophils - immunology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Prospective Studies ; Sex Characteristics ; Uganda ; Whites</subject><ispartof>Annals of tropical paediatrics, 2006-09, Vol.26 (3), p.169-179</ispartof><rights>2006 Maney 2006</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Taylor & Francis Ltd. Sep 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-efce65fdcfc67bc4e1b8497cd41c4530936418f85f5531ebb1ba14ad5e79be783</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-efce65fdcfc67bc4e1b8497cd41c4530936418f85f5531ebb1ba14ad5e79be783</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18022571$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16925953$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bunders, Madeleine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lugada, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mermin, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Downing, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Were, Willy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thorne, Claire</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newell, Marie-Louise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>European Collaborative Study</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>The European Collaborative Study</creatorcontrib><title>Within and between race differences in lymphocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and neutrophil levels in HIV-uninfected children with or without HIV exposure in Europe and Uganda</title><title>Annals of tropical paediatrics</title><addtitle>Ann Trop Paediatr</addtitle><description>Background: Racial immuno-haematological differences have been reported in children but to date have not been well quantified.
Aim: To investigate differences in haemato-immunological markers over age between children born and living in Europe and Uganda.
Subjects: HIV-uninfected children living in Uganda (n=1633) with cross-sectional data. Black (n=604) and white children (n=1355) living in Europe, both with prospective data. The children born in Europe were HIV-uninfected but born to HIV-infected mothers and were included in the European Collaborative Study (ECS).
Methods: Patterns and levels of total lymphocyte (TLC), CD4+, CD8+ counts and CD4% were visualised by smoothers (a line representing the weighted average of all measurements over age by study group). Differences between groups were quantified using age-standardised Z-scores for individual TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts in uni- and multivariate regression models.
Results: In infancy, TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts were lower in Ugandan than black European children; neutrophil counts were similar. Thereafter, only neutrophil counts were lower in Ugandan children. To assess within-race differences, we compared Z-scores of ECS children born to Ugandan mothers with those of Ugandan children. Levels of all four markers were lower in Ugandan children at all ages. In Ugandan children, CD4+ counts were 0.5985 Z-score (p<0.001) and neutrophil counts 0.3872 Z-score (p<0.001) lower than in European children born to Ugandan mothers.
Conclusions: There are differences in levels of haemato-immunological markers in children with comparable genetic backgrounds, suggesting that environmental factors such as nutrition and exposure to micro-organisms might have important effects on the developing immune system.</description><subject>Aging - immunology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blacks</subject><subject>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>HIV Infections - immunology</subject><subject>HIV-1</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Leukocyte Count</subject><subject>Lymphopenia - immunology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neutrophils - immunology</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Uganda</subject><subject>Whites</subject><issn>0272-4936</issn><issn>2046-9047</issn><issn>1465-3281</issn><issn>2046-9055</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kcFu1DAQhi0EokvhzglZSJzaFNuxE0ec0La0lSpxocAtcuwxmyprp7bDdt-GR8XZXVQJqZcZaeb7_xnNIPSWkjNK6-Yj5ZUomSTVT8oIE-IZWsylItfoc7QgrGYFb8rqCL2K8Y4QQmXNXqIjWjVMNKJcoD8_-rTqHVbO4A7SBsDhoDRg01sLAZyGiHN_2K7HldfbBKd4ec5P5ihPdjIHUwp-XPUDHuA3DDv-6vp7MbneWdAJDNa5a7Ib3uRx2Idd9lOaOQwPo49TgFl3MWUr2Pne_spRvUYvrBoivDnkY3T75eLb8qq4-Xp5vfx8U2hOqlSA1VAJa7TVVd1pDrSTvKm14VRzUZJ8BE6llcIKUVLoOtopypURUDcd1LI8Ru_3vmPw9xPE1N75Kbg8sqWN4JI2JckQ2UM6-BgD2HYM_VqFbUtJO3-k_f8jWfLu4Dt1azCPgsMLMvDhAKio1WCDcrqPj5wkjImaZu7TnstH9WGtNj4Mpk1qO_jwT1Q-ucZfWyCmzQ</recordid><startdate>20060901</startdate><enddate>20060901</enddate><creator>Bunders, Madeleine</creator><creator>Lugada, Eric</creator><creator>Mermin, Jonathan</creator><creator>Downing, Robert</creator><creator>Were, Willy</creator><creator>Thorne, Claire</creator><creator>Newell, Marie-Louise</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Maney</general><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060901</creationdate><title>Within and between race differences in lymphocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and neutrophil levels in HIV-uninfected children with or without HIV exposure in Europe and Uganda</title><author>Bunders, Madeleine ; Lugada, Eric ; Mermin, Jonathan ; Downing, Robert ; Were, Willy ; Thorne, Claire ; Newell, Marie-Louise</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-efce65fdcfc67bc4e1b8497cd41c4530936418f85f5531ebb1ba14ad5e79be783</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Aging - immunology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blacks</topic><topic>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Europe</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>HIV Infections - immunology</topic><topic>HIV-1</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Leukocyte Count</topic><topic>Lymphopenia - immunology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Neutrophils - immunology</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Uganda</topic><topic>Whites</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bunders, Madeleine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lugada, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mermin, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Downing, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Were, Willy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thorne, Claire</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newell, Marie-Louise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>European Collaborative Study</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>The European Collaborative Study</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><jtitle>Annals of tropical paediatrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bunders, Madeleine</au><au>Lugada, Eric</au><au>Mermin, Jonathan</au><au>Downing, Robert</au><au>Were, Willy</au><au>Thorne, Claire</au><au>Newell, Marie-Louise</au><aucorp>European Collaborative Study</aucorp><aucorp>The European Collaborative Study</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Within and between race differences in lymphocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and neutrophil levels in HIV-uninfected children with or without HIV exposure in Europe and Uganda</atitle><jtitle>Annals of tropical paediatrics</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Trop Paediatr</addtitle><date>2006-09-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>169</spage><epage>179</epage><pages>169-179</pages><issn>0272-4936</issn><issn>2046-9047</issn><eissn>1465-3281</eissn><eissn>2046-9055</eissn><coden>ATPAD9</coden><abstract>Background: Racial immuno-haematological differences have been reported in children but to date have not been well quantified.
Aim: To investigate differences in haemato-immunological markers over age between children born and living in Europe and Uganda.
Subjects: HIV-uninfected children living in Uganda (n=1633) with cross-sectional data. Black (n=604) and white children (n=1355) living in Europe, both with prospective data. The children born in Europe were HIV-uninfected but born to HIV-infected mothers and were included in the European Collaborative Study (ECS).
Methods: Patterns and levels of total lymphocyte (TLC), CD4+, CD8+ counts and CD4% were visualised by smoothers (a line representing the weighted average of all measurements over age by study group). Differences between groups were quantified using age-standardised Z-scores for individual TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts in uni- and multivariate regression models.
Results: In infancy, TLC, CD4+ and CD8+ counts were lower in Ugandan than black European children; neutrophil counts were similar. Thereafter, only neutrophil counts were lower in Ugandan children. To assess within-race differences, we compared Z-scores of ECS children born to Ugandan mothers with those of Ugandan children. Levels of all four markers were lower in Ugandan children at all ages. In Ugandan children, CD4+ counts were 0.5985 Z-score (p<0.001) and neutrophil counts 0.3872 Z-score (p<0.001) lower than in European children born to Ugandan mothers.
Conclusions: There are differences in levels of haemato-immunological markers in children with comparable genetic backgrounds, suggesting that environmental factors such as nutrition and exposure to micro-organisms might have important effects on the developing immune system.</abstract><cop>Leeds</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>16925953</pmid><doi>10.1179/146532806X120255</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Annals of tropical paediatrics, 2006-09, Vol.26 (3), p.169-179 |
| issn | 0272-4936 2046-9047 1465-3281 2046-9055 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1179_146532806X120255 |
| source | Taylor and Francis:Jisc Collections:Taylor and Francis Read and Publish Agreement 2024-2025:Medical Collection (Reading list) |
| subjects | Aging - immunology Biological and medical sciences Blacks CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology Europe Female General aspects HIV Infections - immunology HIV-1 Humans Infant, Newborn Leukocyte Count Lymphopenia - immunology Male Medical sciences Neutrophils - immunology Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Prospective Studies Sex Characteristics Uganda Whites |
| title | Within and between race differences in lymphocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and neutrophil levels in HIV-uninfected children with or without HIV exposure in Europe and Uganda |
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