The system of specially protected natural territories as an element of the spatial development of the country

• Published in: IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science 2021-10, Vol.867 (1), p.12154
• Main Authors: Petrova, L E, Sorokina, O A, Fedorinov, A V, Fomkin, I V
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthropogenic factors; Biodegradation; Biodiversity; Climate change; Economic conditions; Economic development; Economic models; Economics; Ecosystems; Environmental changes; Environmental conditions; Environmental policy; Global climate; Land use; Natural environment; Optimization; Socioeconomics; Sustainable development; Territorial behavior; Territory
• ISSN: 1755-1307; 1755-1315
• DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/867/1/012154

The goal of the implemented environmental policy in the Russian Federation at the present stage of society development is to improve the quality of the natural environment and environmental conditions of human life, to form a balanced environmentally oriented model of economic development. A number of strategic documents adopted in the last decade in the country declare the need to create a system of specially protected natural territories that would ensure the preservation of natural ecosystems. The practice of functioning of specially protected natural territories in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shows that they make a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the regions. At the same time, it should be taken into account that when organizing them, the ecological component, which focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, on the optimization of anthropogenic activities that exclude degradation changes in ecosystems, prevails over economic feasibility. The above-mentioned aspects determine the need for a scientifically based determination of the optimal ratio at different territorial levels of natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems, ensuring sustainable development under conditions of increasing economic activity and global climate change.Results:the formation of new, increasing the area and reorganization of existing specially protected natural territories of federal, regional and local significance should not be considered as an activity that hinders the socio-economic development of the region. The long-term practice of the formation and functioning of specially protected natural territories of different categories and territorial levels indicates that they are not only a source of a number of economic, environmental and social benefits, but also an essential element in the system of land use that ensures sustainable development.