Neutral versus Ion Line Widths in Barnard 5: Evidence for Penetration by Magnetohydrodynamic Waves

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal 2021-05, Vol.912 (1), p.7
• Main Authors: Pineda, Jaime E., Schmiedeke, Anika, Caselli, Paola, Stahler, Steven W., Frayer, David T., Church, Sarah E., Harris, Andrew I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alfven waves; Astrochemistry; Astrophysics; Cores; Dispersion; Fluid flow; Interferometry; Ions; Mach number; Magnetic fields; Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence; Magnetohydrodynamic waves; Magnetohydrodynamics; Molecular ions; Morphology; Star formation; Velocity
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abebdd

Dense cores are the final place where turbulence is dissipated. It has been proposed from theoretical arguments that the nonthermal velocity dispersion should be narrower both for molecular ions (compared to neutrals) and for transitions with higher critical densities. To test these hypotheses, we compare the velocity dispersion of (1–0) (  = 6 × 10 4 ) and (  = 2 × 10 3 ), in the dense core Barnard 5. We analyze well-resolved and high signal-to-noise observations of (1,1) and (2,2) obtained with combining Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and Very Large Array (VLA) data, and (1–0) obtained with GBT Argus, which present a similar morphology. Surprisingly, the nonthermal velocity dispersion of the ion is systematically higher than that of the neutral by 20%. The derived sonic Mach number, , has peak values and for and , respectively. This observed difference may indicate that the magnetic field even deep within the dense core is still oscillating, as it is in the turbulent region outside the core. The ions should be more strongly dynamically coupled to this oscillating field than the neutrals, thus accounting for their broader line width. If corroborated by further observations, this finding would shed additional light on the transition to quiescence in dense cores.