Non-invasive cardiac output trending during exercise recovery on a bathroom-scale-based ballistocardiograph

Cardiac ejection of blood into the aorta generates a reaction force on the body that can be measured externally via the ballistocardiogram (BCG). In this study, a commercial bathroom scale was modified to measure the BCGs of nine healthy subjects recovering from treadmill exercise. During the recove...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiological measurement 2009-03, Vol.30 (3), p.261-274
Main Authors: Inan, O T, Etemadi, M, Paloma, A, Giovangrandi, L, Kovacs, G T A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Ballistocardiography - instrumentation
Ballistocardiography - methods
Ballistocardiography - standards
Cardiac Output - physiology
Echocardiography, Doppler
Electronics
Equipment Design
Exercise - physiology
Exercise Test
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Models, Cardiovascular
Reproducibility of Results
Weights and Measures
Young Adult
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Summary:Cardiac ejection of blood into the aorta generates a reaction force on the body that can be measured externally via the ballistocardiogram (BCG). In this study, a commercial bathroom scale was modified to measure the BCGs of nine healthy subjects recovering from treadmill exercise. During the recovery, Doppler echocardiogram signals were obtained simultaneously from the left ventricular outflow tract of the heart. The percentage changes in root-mean-square (RMS) power of the BCG were strongly correlated with the percentage changes in cardiac output measured by Doppler echocardiography (R(2) = 0.85, n = 275 data points). The correlation coefficients for individually analyzed data ranged from 0.79 to 0.96. Using Bland-Altman methods for assessing agreement, the mean bias was found to be -0.5% (+/-24%) in estimating the percentage changes in cardiac output. In contrast to other non-invasive methods for trending cardiac output, the unobtrusive procedure presented here uses inexpensive equipment and could be performed without the aid of a medical professional.
ISSN:0967-3334
1361-6579
DOI:10.1088/0967-3334/30/3/003