A rapid loss of stripes: the evolutionary history of the extinct quagga

Twenty years ago, the field of ancient DNA was launched with the publication of two short mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences from a single quagga (Equus quagga) museum skin, an extinct South African equid (Higuchi et al. 1984 Nature 312, 282-284). This was the first extinct species from which genetic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biology letters (2005) 2005-09, Vol.1 (3), p.291-295
Main Authors: Leonard, Jennifer A, Rohland, Nadin, Glaberman, Scott, Fleischer, Robert C, Caccone, Adalgisa, Hofreiter, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Biological - physiology
Africa
Ancient Dna
Animals
Base Sequence
Biologi
Biology
Cell and molecular biology
Cell- och molekylärbiologi
Climate
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
DNA, Mitochondrial - history
Equidae - classification
Equidae - genetics
Equidae - physiology
Equidae/classification/genetics/physiology
Extinction, Biological
History, Ancient
Molecular Sequence Data
NATURAL SCIENCES
NATURVETENSKAP
Phylogeny
Phylogeography
Pleistocene
Refugia
Species Specificity
Vicariance
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Summary:Twenty years ago, the field of ancient DNA was launched with the publication of two short mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences from a single quagga (Equus quagga) museum skin, an extinct South African equid (Higuchi et al. 1984 Nature 312, 282-284). This was the first extinct species from which genetic information was retrieved. The DNA sequences of the quagga showed that it was more closely related to zebras than to horses. However, quagga evolutionary history is far from clear. We have isolated DNA from eight quaggas and a plains zebra (subspecies or phenotype Equus burchelli burchelli). We show that the quagga displayed little genetic diversity and very recently diverged from the plains zebra, probably during the penultimate glacial maximum. This emphasizes the importance of Pleistocene climate changes for phylogeographic patterns in African as well as Holarctic fauna.
ISSN:1744-9561
1744-957X
DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0323