Characterization of a Class of Nonformylated Enterococcus Faecalis-Derived Neutrophil Chemotactic Peptides: The Sex Pheromones

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1990-01, Vol.87 (1), p.66-70
• Main Authors: Sannomiya, Paulina, Craig, Ronald A., Clewell, Don B., Suzuki, Akinori, Fujino, Masahiko, Till, Gerd O., Marasco, Wayne A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino acids; Animals; Bacteriology; Biological and medical sciences; Chemotactic Factors - isolation & purification; Chemotactic Factors - pharmacology; Chemotaxis; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte - drug effects; Enterococcus faecalis - physiology; Enzymes; Formyl peptide receptors; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Metabolism. Enzymes; Microbiology; Molecular Sequence Data; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine - metabolism; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine - pharmacology; Neutrophils; Neutrophils - drug effects; Neutrophils - physiology; Pheromones; Pheromones - pharmacology; Rats; Receptors; Receptors, Formyl Peptide; Receptors, Immunologic - drug effects; Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism; Secretion; Sex attractants
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.1.66

Bacteria produce a heterogeneous mixture of neutrophil chemotactic agents in culture filtrates. Formylmethionyl peptides have been shown to comprise a significant portion of the chemotactic activity in bacterial culture filtrates; however, not all of the chemotactic agents in bacterial culture filtrates are formylated peptides. To examine whether nonformylated peptides derived from bacteria could act as chemotactic agents, we studied several nonformylated hepta- and octapeptide Enterococcus faecalis-derived sex pheromones, their modified derivatives, and their competitive inhibitors for activation of rat peritoneal neutrophils. Several of these peptides, in particular cAM373 and cPD1, proved to be potent chemotactic agents in submicromolar concentrations as well as inducers of lysosomal granule enzyme secretion. Moreover, the more biologically active peptides were able to compete with fMet-Leu-[3H]Phe for binding to the formyl peptide receptor. These studies demonstrate that the formylmethionyl moiety may be an absolute requirement only for the binding of di- and tripeptides to the formyl peptide receptor. Larger peptides that may allow for additional contact points between the peptide and receptor may require N-formylation only relatively. Indeed, by removing this structural restraint, the formyl peptide receptor may interact with an unlimited number of peptide fragments of both infectious and host origins to then modulate neutrophil responses to infection and inflammation.