Counting and Accounting for the Decline in Non‐Lethal Violence in England, Australia, and New Zealand, 1880–1920

• Published in: British journal of criminology 2003-04, Vol.43 (2), p.340-353
• Main Author: Godfrey, Barry
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Assault; Assumptions; Australia; Crime; Crime Rates; CRIMINOLOGY; Domestic violence; England; Fear of crime; HISTORY; Life History; Magistrates; Masculinity; New Zealand; Oral history; Police; Public Opinion; Researchers; Sexual violence; Social history; Social problems; Society; Theoretical Problems; United Kingdom; VIOLENCE; Violent crime; Violent crimes
• ISSN: 0007-0955; 1464-3529
• DOI: 10.1093/bjc/43.2.340

This article contends that researchers have made two false assumptions about the history of violence and violent crime in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. First, that judicial statistics appearing to show an accelerating decline in violent crime towards the fin de siècle actually mirror a real fall, and that violence was becoming less prevalent in society. Second, that the prosecution figures evidence a changing public attitudes towards violence in the 1880–1920 period. These assumptions have helped to shape rather inadequate and schematic theoretical paradigms which link changing public sensibilities towards violence with the reformation of aggressive masculinity, and the ‘civilization’ of society. This article suggests that transcribed life histories can offer the researcher a greater understanding of public attitudes towards violence; and it therefore presents archival evidence from England, Australia and New Zealand to illustrate collective attitudes toward non‐lethal violence/violent crime at the turn of the twentieth century.