SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Up-RegulatesTEMPRANILLO2Floral Repressor at Low Ambient Temperatures

Plants integrate day length and ambient temperature to determine the optimal timing for developmental transitions. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the floral integratorFLOWERING LOCUS T(FT) and its closest homologTWIN SISTER OF FTpromote flowering in response to their activatorCONSTANSunder l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2015-10, Vol.169 (2), p.1214-1224
Main Authors: Marín-González, Esther, Matías-Hernández, Luis, Aguilar-Jaramillo, Andrea E., Lee, Jeong Hwan, Ahn, Ji Hoon, Suárez-López, Paula, Pelaz, Soraya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ambient temperature
Flowering
Gene expression regulation
GENES, DEVELOPMENT, AND EVOLUTION
Leaves
Low temperature
Photoperiod
Plants
Promoter regions
RNA
Seedlings
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Summary:Plants integrate day length and ambient temperature to determine the optimal timing for developmental transitions. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the floral integratorFLOWERING LOCUS T(FT) and its closest homologTWIN SISTER OF FTpromote flowering in response to their activatorCONSTANSunder long-day inductive conditions. Low ambient temperature (16°C) delays flowering, even under inductive photoperiods, through repression ofFT, revealing the importance of floral repressors acting at low temperatures. Previously, we have reported that the floral repressorsTEMPRANILLO(TEM; TEM1andTEM2) control flowering time through direct regulation ofFTat 22°C. Here, we show thattemmutants are less sensitive than the wild type to changes in ambient growth temperature, indicating thatTEMgenes may play a role in floral repression at 16°C. Moreover, we have found that TEM2 directly represses the expression ofFTandTWIN SISTER OF FTat 16°C. In addition, the floral repressorSHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP) directly regulatesTEM2but notTEM1expression at 16°C. Flowering time analyses ofsvp temmutants indicate thatTEMmay act in the same genetic pathway asSVPto repress flowering at 22°C but that SVP and TEM are partially independent at 16°C. Thus,TEM2partially mediates the temperature-dependent function ofSVPat low temperatures. Taken together, our results indicate thatTEMgenes are also able to repress flowering at low ambient temperatures under inductive long-day conditions.
ISSN:0032-0889
1532-2548