Disorders of the Third Eyelid in Birds: 17 Cases

The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the types and causes of disorders that primarily or specifically afflict the membrana nictitans of birds. Seventeen wild, domestic, and pet exotic birds examined by the Ophthalmology Services at three institutional referral centers were identif...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of avian medicine and surgery 1996-03, Vol.10 (1), p.12-18
Main Authors: Kern, Thomas J., Paul-Murphy, Joanne, Murphy, Christopher J., Buyukmihci, Nedim C., Burling, Kristina, Miller, Paul E., Oppenheim, Yvonne, Riis, Ronald C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Birds
Birds of prey
Conjunctivitis
Disorders
Eyelids
Eyes
Lesions
Neoplasia
Nodules
Original Research
Physical trauma
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the types and causes of disorders that primarily or specifically afflict the membrana nictitans of birds. Seventeen wild, domestic, and pet exotic birds examined by the Ophthalmology Services at three institutional referral centers were identified with lesions of the third eyelid. Lesions were unilateral in 16 birds. Traumatic injury, with (three birds) and without (four birds) an associated foreign body, was the predominant cause of lesions. Neoplasia, presumed dystrophic mineralization, and inflammation with or without infection were equally represented (three birds each). One probable congenital malformation was identified. We conclude that although many specific and nonspecific external ocular disorders incidentally involve the membrana nictitans to a minor degree, clinically important primary disorders of the third eyelid seem distinctly uncommon in birds.
ISSN:1082-6742