Neutron and X–ray scattering studies of hydration in aqueous solutions

The presence of ions and/or apolar species in water provides a rich and varied environment in which many natural processes occur. This review provides results of recent structural studies of aqueous solutions derived from state-of-the-art neutron and X-ray scattering methods. The enhanced resolution...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences physical, and engineering sciences, 2001-08, Vol.359 (1785), p.1575-1591
Main Authors: Symons, M. C. R., Neilson, G. W., Mason, P. E., Ramos, S., Sullivan, D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anions
Apolar Atom
Aqueous solutions
Atoms
Cations
Coordination numbers
Distribution functions
Electrolytes
Hydration
Ions
Isotopes
Molecules
Neutrons
Nondestructive testing
Solutes
Water
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Summary:The presence of ions and/or apolar species in water provides a rich and varied environment in which many natural processes occur. This review provides results of recent structural studies of aqueous solutions derived from state-of-the-art neutron and X-ray scattering methods. The enhanced resolution provided by methods such as neutron diffraction and isotopic substitution, and anomalous X-ray diffraction, have given scientists new insights into the contrasting hydration structures of a variety of ions and small molecules, and crucially into how these structures might affect the general properties of solutions. The discussion points out common features of ionic hydration within particular series, such as the alkalis, halides and transition metals, and also indicates where significant differences in hydration structure appear.
ISSN:1364-503X
1471-2962
DOI:10.1098/rsta.2001.0866