The Mitochondrial Genome of Paraspadella gotoi Is Highly Reduced and Reveals That Chaetognaths Are a Sister Group to Protostomes

We report the complete mtDNA sequence from a member of the phylum Chaetognatha (arrow worms). The Paraspadella gotoi mtDNA is highly unusual, missing 23 of the genes commonly found in animal mtDNAs, including atp6, which has otherwise been found universally to be present. Its 14 genes are unusually...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2004-07, Vol.101 (29), p.10639-10643
Main Authors: Helfenbein, Kevin G., Fourcade, H. Matthew, Vanjani, Rohit G., Boore, Jeffrey L., Wake, David B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Base Sequence
Biological Sciences
Chaetognatha
DNA, Mitochondrial - classification
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Evolution
Genes
Genome
Genomes
Genomics
Humans
Invertebrates - classification
Invertebrates - genetics
Metazoa
Mitochondrial DNA
Molecular Sequence Data
Nucleotides
Paraspadella gotoi
Parsimony
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
RNA - classification
RNA - genetics
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Taxa
Transfer RNA
Worms
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Summary:We report the complete mtDNA sequence from a member of the phylum Chaetognatha (arrow worms). The Paraspadella gotoi mtDNA is highly unusual, missing 23 of the genes commonly found in animal mtDNAs, including atp6, which has otherwise been found universally to be present. Its 14 genes are unusually arranged into two groups, one on each strand. One group is punctuated by numerous noncoding intergenic nucleotides although the other group is tightly packed, having no noncoding nucleotides, leading to speculation that there are two transcription units with differing modes of expression. The phylogenetic position of the Chaetognatha within the Metazoa has long been uncertain, with conflicting or equivocal results from various morphological analyses and rRNA sequence comparisons. Comparisons here of amino acid sequences from mitochondrially encoded proteins give a single most parsimonious tree that supports a position of Chaetognatha as sister to the protostomes studied here. From this analysis, one can more clearly interpret the patterns of evolution of various developmental features, especially regarding the embryological fate of the blastopore.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0400941101