Evolution and Function of Innate Immune Receptors – Insights from Marine Invertebrates

Innate, nonadaptive immune receptors represent phylogenetically ancient first-line sensors of invariant non-self patterns and other cellular danger signals. From lower animal phyla to vertebrates, most pathogens are immediately detected by various recognition systems and are destroyed by induction o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of innate immunity 2009-01, Vol.1 (4), p.291-300
Main Authors: Rosenstiel, Philip, Philipp, Eva E.R., Schreiber, Stefan, Bosch, Thomas C.G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological - immunology
Animals
Evolution, Molecular
Immunity, Innate - genetics
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Invertebrates - classification
Invertebrates - genetics
Invertebrates - immunology
Receptors, Immunologic - genetics
Receptors, Immunologic - immunology
Review
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
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Summary:Innate, nonadaptive immune receptors represent phylogenetically ancient first-line sensors of invariant non-self patterns and other cellular danger signals. From lower animal phyla to vertebrates, most pathogens are immediately detected by various recognition systems and are destroyed by induction of defense effectors like antimicrobial peptides. Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich proteins represent archetypes of the innate immune receptors, which mediate the complex interaction between the host and microbiota at the interface of epithelial barriers. In this review, we will use knowledge gained from marine invertebrates as a paradigm to describe how this constant molecular crosstalk within the holobiont, i.e. the animal with all its associated microorganisms, contributes to epithelial homeostasis, immunological integrity and maintenance of the resident microbial diversity.
ISSN:1662-811X
1662-8128
DOI:10.1159/000211193