Lack of Standardization in Commercial Thickeners Used in the Management of Dysphagia

Introduction: Oral feeding safety is necessary to provide nutrition, hydration, and eating pleasure for patients with dysphagia. Commercial thickeners are prescribed for these patients to change food viscosity and may alter the proper preparation of modified food. Objective: Analyze composition, emp...

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Published in:Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2019-01, Vol.75 (4), p.246-251
Main Authors: Machado, Alessandra Salles, Lenz, Dominik, dos Santos de Souza, Rafael, Eugênio, Rebeca Muniz, de Andrade, Tadeu Uggere, Pereira, Tiago Costa, Endringer, Denise Coutinho
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Composition
Deglutition disorders
Diet
Diet therapy
Dysphagia
Food
Food composition
Ingredients
Mineral water
Nutrition
Original Paper
Standardization
Terminology
Viscometers
Viscosity
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container_end_page 251
container_issue 4
container_start_page 246
container_title Annals of nutrition and metabolism
container_volume 75
creator Machado, Alessandra Salles
Lenz, Dominik
dos Santos de Souza, Rafael
Eugênio, Rebeca Muniz
de Andrade, Tadeu Uggere
Pereira, Tiago Costa
Endringer, Denise Coutinho
description Introduction: Oral feeding safety is necessary to provide nutrition, hydration, and eating pleasure for patients with dysphagia. Commercial thickeners are prescribed for these patients to change food viscosity and may alter the proper preparation of modified food. Objective: Analyze composition, employed terminology, preparation instructions, recommended amount and weight of provided measuring spoons, nutritional information, and viscosity of 7 commercial thickeners. Methods: The sample comprised all thickeners from different brands available in Brazil, named A to G. Products were submitted to viscosity analysis using viscometer and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) test. Samples were prepared with mineral water (25°C) and with the amount of thickener recommended to obtain intermediate viscosity (level 2) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: Products B, C, and E presented similar composition. Manufacturer’s information about the amount and preparation procedure, time, temperature, and base liquid was incomplete. Viscosity tests revealed that thickener C was basically solid while D displayed results out of the desired viscosity level. Conclusions: The study showed differences in components and viscosity, beyond the lack of label details. There was no established correlation between viscosity classifications provided by National Dysphagia Diet and IDDSI.
doi_str_mv 10.1159/000504334
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Commercial thickeners are prescribed for these patients to change food viscosity and may alter the proper preparation of modified food. Objective: Analyze composition, employed terminology, preparation instructions, recommended amount and weight of provided measuring spoons, nutritional information, and viscosity of 7 commercial thickeners. Methods: The sample comprised all thickeners from different brands available in Brazil, named A to G. Products were submitted to viscosity analysis using viscometer and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) test. Samples were prepared with mineral water (25°C) and with the amount of thickener recommended to obtain intermediate viscosity (level 2) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: Products B, C, and E presented similar composition. Manufacturer’s information about the amount and preparation procedure, time, temperature, and base liquid was incomplete. Viscosity tests revealed that thickener C was basically solid while D displayed results out of the desired viscosity level. Conclusions: The study showed differences in components and viscosity, beyond the lack of label details. There was no established correlation between viscosity classifications provided by National Dysphagia Diet and IDDSI.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0250-6807</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1421-9697</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1159/000504334</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31812968</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG</publisher><subject>Composition ; Deglutition disorders ; Diet ; Diet therapy ; Dysphagia ; Food ; Food composition ; Ingredients ; Mineral water ; Nutrition ; Original Paper ; Standardization ; Terminology ; Viscometers ; Viscosity</subject><ispartof>Annals of nutrition and metabolism, 2019-01, Vol.75 (4), p.246-251</ispartof><rights>2019 S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><rights>2019 S. 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Commercial thickeners are prescribed for these patients to change food viscosity and may alter the proper preparation of modified food. Objective: Analyze composition, employed terminology, preparation instructions, recommended amount and weight of provided measuring spoons, nutritional information, and viscosity of 7 commercial thickeners. Methods: The sample comprised all thickeners from different brands available in Brazil, named A to G. Products were submitted to viscosity analysis using viscometer and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) test. Samples were prepared with mineral water (25°C) and with the amount of thickener recommended to obtain intermediate viscosity (level 2) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: Products B, C, and E presented similar composition. Manufacturer’s information about the amount and preparation procedure, time, temperature, and base liquid was incomplete. 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source JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection
subjects Composition
Deglutition disorders
Diet
Diet therapy
Dysphagia
Food
Food composition
Ingredients
Mineral water
Nutrition
Original Paper
Standardization
Terminology
Viscometers
Viscosity
title Lack of Standardization in Commercial Thickeners Used in the Management of Dysphagia
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