Safety, Efficacy, and Physicochemical Characterization of Tinospora crispa Ointment: A Community-Based Formulation against Pediculus humanus capitis

• Published in: Korean journal of parasitology 2017, Vol.55 (4), p.409-416
• Main Authors: Torre, Gerwin Louis Tapan Dela, Ponsaran, Kerstin Mariae Gonzales, de Guzman, Angelica Louise Dela Pena, Manalo, Richelle Ann Mallapre, Arollado, Erna Custodio
• Format: Article
• Language: Korean
• ISSN: 0023-4001; 1738-0006

The high prevalence of pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation, has led to the preparation of a community-based pediculicidal ointment, which is made of common household items and the extract of Tinospora crispa stem. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and physicochemical characteristics of the T. crispa pediculicidal ointment. The physicochemical properties of the ointment were characterized, and safety was determined using acute dermal irritation test (OECD 404), while the efficacy was assessed using an in vitro pediculicidal assay. Furthermore, the chemical compounds present in T. crispa were identified using liquid-liquid extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UPLC-qTOF/MS) analysis. The community-based ointment formulation was light yellow in color, homogeneous, smooth, with distinct aromatic odor and pH of $6.92{\pm}0.09$. It has spreadability value of $15.04{\pm}0.98g{\cdot}cm/sec$ and has thixotropic behavior. It was also found to be non-irritant, with a primary irritation index value of 0.15. Moreover, it was comparable to the pediculicidal activity of the positive control $Kwell^{(R)}$, a commercially available 1% permethrin shampoo (P>0.05), and was significantly different to the activity of the negative control ointment, a mixture of palm oil and candle wax (P