Factors associated with catch‐up growth in early infancy in rural Pakistan: a longitudinal analysis of the women's work and nutrition study

The adverse health impacts of early infant stunting can be partially ameliorated by early catch‐up growth. Few studies have examined predictors of and barriers to catch‐up growth to identify intervention points for improving linear growth during infancy. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence o...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rebecca Pradeilles, Tom Norris, Elaine Ferguson, Haris Gazdar, Sidra Mazhar, Hussain Bux Mallah, Azmat Budhani, Rashid Mehmood, Saba Aslam, Alan D. Dangour, Elizabeth Allen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Catch-up growth
Infant
Length-for-age
Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
Other health sciences not elsewhere classified
Pakistan
Predictors
Rural
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Summary:The adverse health impacts of early infant stunting can be partially ameliorated by early catch‐up growth. Few studies have examined predictors of and barriers to catch‐up growth to identify intervention points for improving linear growth during infancy. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, catch‐up growth among infants in Pakistan. A longitudinal study of mother‐infant dyads (n=1161) was conducted in rural Sindh province, with enrolment between December 2015‐February 2016 (infants aged 0.5‐3 months) and follow‐up (n=1035) between November 2016‐January 2017 (infants aged 9‐15 months). The outcome was catch‐up growth (change in conditional length‐for‐age z‐scores (LAZ) >0.67 between baseline and endline). Associated factors were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of stunting was 45.3% at baseline and 60.7% at follow‐up. 22.8% of infants exhibited catch‐up growth over this period. Factors positively associated with catch‐up growth included maternal height (OR=1.08 [1.05‐1.11]), household wealth (OR=3.61 [1.90‐6.84]), maternal (OR=2.43 [1.30‐4.56]) or paternal education (OR=1.46 [1.05‐2.03]) and households with two or more adult females (OR=1.91 [1.26‐2.88]). Factors negatively associated with catch‐up growth were two (OR=0.64 [0.45‐0.89]) or three or more (OR=0.44 [0.29‐0.66]) preschool children in the household and the infant being currently breastfed (OR=0.59 [0.41‐0.88]). Catch‐up growth was exhibited among approximately a quarter of infants despite living in challenging environments associated with extremely high rates of early infant stunting. Several modifiable factors were identified that might represent suitable programme intervention points to off‐set early infant stunting in rural Pakistan.