Gene Regulation by Extracellullar Calcium, Vitamin D and Osmolarity

Introduction THE mechanism of gene regulation by signal transduction molecules such as the cyclic AMP(cAMP)-A kinase or the phorbol ester-C kinase systems has been extensively studied ［1, 2]. Among them, nuclear transcription factors CREB(cAMP response element binding protein)and AP1 were cloned and...

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Published in:ENDOCRINE JOURNAL 1999, Vol.46 (1), p.1-9
Main Author: TOMOKI OKAZAKI
Format: Article
Language:Japanese
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Summary:Introduction THE mechanism of gene regulation by signal transduction molecules such as the cyclic AMP(cAMP)-A kinase or the phorbol ester-C kinase systems has been extensively studied ［1, 2]. Among them, nuclear transcription factors CREB(cAMP response element binding protein)and AP1 were cloned and their molecular characteristics including structure, dimerization, subcellular localization, phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions have been vigorously clarified［1-3]. On the other hand, the mechanism of gene regulation by another second messenger, calcium (Ca), remains only partially understood. One underlying reason is that there are very few instances where external stimuli elicit transcriptional regulation only by way of activation of the intracellular Ca system. It is believed that wherever Ca plays an important role, it is almost always accompanied by substantial activation of the A kinase and／or the C kinase systems［4]. In fact, one of the recently-identified Ca-responsive DNA elements in the c-fos gene is the CRE itself［5］.
ISSN:0918-8959