Relationships among personal, indoor, and outdoor fine and coarse particle concentrations for individuals with COPD

• Published in: Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2000-05, Vol.10 (3), p.294-306
• Main Authors: ROJAS-BRACHO, LEONORA, SUH, HELEN H, KOUTRAKIS, PETROS
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living; Activity patterns; Air Pollutants - analysis; Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Comparative analysis; Cooking; Environmental aspects; Environmental Exposure - analysis; Epidemiology; Exposure; Health aspects; Humans; Indoor air pollution; Indoor air quality; Indoor environments; Lung diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Obstructive lung disease; original-article; Particle Size; Particles; Particulate matter; Regression analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Risk factors; Summer; Winter
• ISSN: 1053-4245; 1559-0631; 1476-5381; 1559-064X
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500092

This study characterizes the personal, indoor, and outdoor PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and PM 2.5–10 exposures of 18 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) living in Boston, MA. Monitoring was performed for each participant for six consecutive days in the winters of 1996 or 1997 and for six to twelve days in the summer of 1996. On each day, 12-h personal, indoor, and outdoor samples of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were collected simultaneously. Home characteristic information and time–activity patterns were also obtained. Personal exposures were higher than corresponding indoor and outdoor concentrations for all particle measures and for all seasons, except for winter indoor PM 2.5–10 levels, which were higher than personal and outdoor levels. Higher personal exposures may be due to the proximity of the individuals to particle sources, such as cooking and cleaning. Indoor concentrations were associated with both outdoor concentrations and personal exposures (as determined by individual least square regression analyses), with associations strongest for PM 2.5 . Indoor PM 2.5 concentrations were significantly associated with outdoor and personal levels for 12 and 15 of the 17 individuals, respectively. Both the strength and magnitude of the associations varied by individual. Also, personal PM 2.5 , but not PM 2.5–10 , exposures were associated with outdoor levels, with 10 of the 17 subjects having significant associations. The strength of the personal–outdoor association for PM 2.5 was strongly related to that for indoor and outdoor levels, suggesting that home characteristics and indoor particulate sources were key determinants of the personal–outdoor association for PM 2.5 . Air exchange rates were found to be important determinants of both indoor and personal levels. Again, substantial interpersonal variability in the personal–outdoor relationship was found, as personal exposures varied by as much as 200% for a given outdoor level.